scholarly journals NAFLD may be a common underlying liver disease in patients with hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States

Hepatology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Marrero ◽  
Robert J. Fontana ◽  
Grace L. Su ◽  
Hari S. Conjeevaram ◽  
Dawn M. Emick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Underlying Liver Disease

scholarly journals Delayed hepatocellular carcinoma model for end-stage liver disease exception score improves disparity in access to liver transplant in the United States

Hepatology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1643-1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie K. Heimbach ◽  
Ryutaro Hirose ◽  
Peter G. Stock ◽  
David P. Schladt ◽  
Hui Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
The United States ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
End Stage

Universal Hepatitis B Immunization

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence

HEPATITIS B DISEASE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY In the United States 200 000 to 300 000 acute infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) occur each year.1,2 More than one million persons in the United States have chronic HBV infection, and approximately 4000 to 5000 persons die each year from HBV-induced chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although HBV infections occur during childhood and adolescence, the full impact of these infections is not recognized until many years later when chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma may develop. The incidence of HBV infection increases rapidly during adolescence, with higher rates among blacks than among whites (Fig 1).3 Although rates vary by region, sex, and race, between 3.3% and 25% of all persons have had HBV infection by 25 to 34 years of age. The likelihood of becoming chronically infected with HBV varies inversely with the age at which infection occurs. HBV transmitted from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers to their newborns results in HBV carriage for up to 90% of infants. Between 25% and 50% of children infected before 5 years of age become carriers, whereas only 6% to 10% of acutely infected adults become carriers. It is estimated that more than 25% of carrier infants will die from primary hepatocellular carcinoma or cirrhosis of the liver, with most of these deaths occurring during adult life. HBV infection occurs more commonly in certain populations, including Pacific Islanders, Alaskan Natives, immigrants from countries in which infection is highly endemic, persons who require multiple transfusions of blood or blood products, and persons with high-risk lifestyles, including intravenous drug abuse and contact with multiple sexual partners.

Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States from 2004 to 2009

Hepatology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1723-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zobair M. Younossi ◽  
Munkhzul Otgonsuren ◽  
Linda Henry ◽  
Chapy Venkatesan ◽  
Alita Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

scholarly journals Impact of Direct Acting Antivirals on Survival in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahrukh Hameed Zargar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Sustained Viral Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
The Impact

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a global public health burden, affecting an estimated 14 million persons worldwide, and is the third leading cause of cancer mortality. Within the United States, HCC is ranked 7th for cancer related mortality and has seen a doubling in incidence from 1975 to 2007. The primary predisposing factors for HCC carcinogenesis is liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis risk factors include chronic alcohol use, viral hepatitis, including hepatitis c (HCV), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chronic HCV infection is the second most common risk factor for HCC and is responsible for 10–25% of all HCC cases. Over 20–30 years, 20–30% of patients with chronic HCV infections will develop cirrhosis and end stage liver disease and 1–4% of these patients will progress to HCC each year. Of all HCV related HCC cases, 80–90% occur in the setting of cirrhosis. With more than 3.5 million HCC patients in the United States and an estimated 130–170 million patients worldwide currently infected with HCV, the importance of HCV management in HCC therapeutic care and prevention is clear. The major current therapeutic goal for HCV and prevention of liver disease progression is sustained viral response (SVR), which is defined by negative HCV RNA at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12) and appears to be durable with a late virologic relapse rate of less than 1%. Therapeutic management of HCV has recently shifted from interferon-based therapies to all-oral interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) combination regimens. DAAs are a new class of drugs that target nonstructural proteins responsible for replication and infection of the hepatitis c virus. Genotype specific DAA therapies have been shown to reach SVR12 exceeding 90% of patients with fewer adverse effects compared with historic interferon-based regiments. SVR12 from DAA regimens have been associated with a decrease in liver outcomes including cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, HCC and mortality. However, the impact  of DAA regimens on clinical outcomes in patients with HCC remain limited. This study evaluates the impact of DAA on overall survival in HCV patients with HCC with the a priori hypothesis that SVR12 would be associated with improved outcome.

scholarly journals Emerging Trends in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Focus on Diagnosis and Therapeutics

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. CMO.S9926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avegail Flores ◽  
Jorge A. Marrero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
The World

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide and one of the deadliest. Patients with chronic liver disease are at the highest risk for developing this tumor. This link provides an opportunity for developing preventive strategies and surveillance that aims at early detection of this tumor and possibly improving outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the latest developments in surveillance strategies, diagnosis, and treatment of this tumor. HCC is the sixth most common cancer in the world, with 782,000 new cases occurring in 2012 worldwide. In 2012, there were 746,000 deaths from liver cancer. HCC is the third most fatal cancer in the world. The distribution of HCC, which varies geographically, is related to the prevalence of hepatotropic virus. The burden of the disease is the highest in Eastern Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Melanesia where hepatitis B (HBV) infection is endemic. Meanwhile, in Japan, United States, and Europe, hepatitis C (HCV) infection is prevalent, and subsequently, is the major risk factor for acquiring HCC in these regions. 1 , 3 It is estimated that the incidence of HCC in Europe and United States will peak at 2020—there will be 78,000 new HCC cases in Europe and 27,000 in the United States—and decline thereafter. 1 Indeed, in Japan, the incidence of HCC had already plateaued and started to slowly fall. 4 Cirrhosis is the most important risk factor for HCC regardless of etiology and may be caused by chronic viral hepatitis (mainly HBV and HCV), alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune disease, Stage 4 primary biliary cirrhosis, and metabolic diseases such as hereditary hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In the Western hemisphere, HCC occurs in a background of cirrhosis in 90% of the cases. 5 Before concentrating on diagnosis and therapeutics, it is important to discuss surveillance for this tumor.

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