scholarly journals Development and evaluation of a high performance T1 ‐weighted brain template for use in studies on older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Raquib Ridwan ◽  
Mohammad Rakeen Niaz ◽  
Yingjuan Wu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Qi ◽  
Shengwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Brain Template

Psychological Considerations for the Older Athlete

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley W. Young ◽  
Bettina Callary ◽  
Scott Rathwell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Baby Boomer Generation ◽  
Older Athletes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Masters Athletes

Paralleling the graying of the baby boomer generation, there has been remarkable growth in the number of Masters athletes (adult sport participants generally 35+ years old) and Seniors athletes (55+) worldwide. The phenomenon of the aging or older athlete is an opportunity to study the psychological conditions and considerations that distinguish older sportspersons from their younger counterparts. Although the vast majority of sport psychology research focuses on youth and adolescents or young adults in a high-performance context, a critical mass of literature on middle-aged and older athletes has emerged. Much research has aimed to understand the sport motivation of older adults; this work has evolved from early descriptive works to increasingly theoretically grounded and analytically advanced efforts that seek to better understand older athletes’ sport commitment and their long-term goal striving behaviors. Another theme of inquiry relates to the nature of adult athletes’ social motivations and the role of social identity in explaining immersion into sport. Research has examined various social influences on older athletes, and specifically how different social agents and social norms come to bear on older athletes’ sport participation. Much work has interrogated how social support facilitates older sport participation as well as the unique negotiations that older adults make with significant others to sustain their experience. Another research theme has sought to determine the various psychosocial benefits of adult sport, cataloguing benefits related to personal growth, age-related adaptation, and successful aging outcomes. Although the discourse on adult sport has been overly positive, several contributions have problematized aspects of adult sport, challenged the assertion that adult athletes are models that many others could follow, and have further suggested that narratives of Masters athletes may reinforce ageist stigma.

scholarly journals Postprandial One-Carbon Metabolite Responses Are Dependent on Meal Composition and Age: A Comparison Between Older and Younger Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1789-1789
Author(s):  
Hannah Corke ◽  
Nicola Gillies ◽  
Pankaja Sharma ◽  
Ruth Teh ◽  
Karl Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Investment Fund ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Older Subjects

Abstract Objectives Vitamin deficiencies are prevalent in the elderly. Common diseases of aging are characterized by alterations of one-carbon (1C) metabolites, namely homocysteine. Despite the importance of diet-derived nutrients and interconversion to active coenzymes for regulation of 1C metabolism, little is known about age-related alterations in 1C metabolism in response to meals. This study aimed to identify whether postprandial 1C metabolite regulation is impaired in older adults, and determine the influence of meal type. We hypothesized that older adults would have altered 1C metabolite responses, and that these would differ between energy dense and nutrient dense meals. Methods In a double-blinded randomized crossover design, healthy younger (n = 15) and older (n = 15) adults consumed mixed-meal breakfasts on separate occasions: an energy-dense (ED) meal (sausage and egg sandwich) and a nutrient-dense (ND) meal (oats, toast, cottage cheese and fruit). Plasma collected at fasting and hourly for 5 h was analysed for 12 1C metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Results Postprandial concentrations of five 1C metabolites differed between older and younger subjects, dependent on meal type. Unlike younger subjects, older subjects had similar meal responses for betaine, choline, taurine, and glycine concentrations (meal × age interactions P < 0.05 each, respectively; older ED vs. ND meal P > 0.05 each, respectively). Younger subjects had higher homocysteine concentrations than older after the ED meal (meal × age interaction P < 0.05; older vs. younger P < 0.05), but lower choline, glycine, and taurine concentrations than after the ND meal (P < 0.05 each, respectively). Conclusions Postprandial 1C metabolite responses are unaffected by meal type in older subjects, responding more similarly to divergent meals than in younger subjects. Although the implications to biological pathways and health outcomes relying on 1C metabolites are not clear, modification of these responses through acute dietary change may be less effective in the elderly. Funding Sources This research was funded by the Liggins Institute Trust, AgResearch Science Strategic Investment Fund Nutritional Strategies for an Aging Population, the Maurice and Phyllis Paykel Trust and a Faculty Research and Development Fund from the University of Auckland.

scholarly journals Perceptions About Technologies That Help Community-Dwelling Older Adults Remain at Home: Qualitative Study

10.2196/17930 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. e17930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk Verloo ◽  
Thomas Kampel ◽  
Nicole Vidal ◽  
Filipa Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Home Health Care ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
At Home

Background The population of Europe is aging rapidly. Most community-dwelling older adults (CDOAs) want to remain in their homes, particularly those experiencing functional decline. Politicians and academics repeatedly praise technological instruments for being the preferred solution for helping older adults with deteriorating health to remain at home. Objective This study aimed to understand the perceptions of CDOAs and their informal caregivers (ICs) and professional caregivers (PCs) about technologies that can help keep older adults at home. Methods This qualitative study used personal interviews, focus groups, and photo-elicitation interviews to better understand the perceptions of a convenience sample of 68 CDOAs, 21 ICs, and 32 PCs. Results A fraction of CDOAs did not perceive technological instruments to be a very useful means of helping them remain at home. However, the ICs and PCs were more positive. The CDOAs preferred and were more willing to adopt technologies related to their mobility and safety and those that would help slow down their cognitive decline. The ICs preferred technological aids that assist in the activities of daily living as well as safety-related technologies for detecting falls and helping to locate disoriented older adults. The PCs preferred integrated communication and information systems to improve collaboration between all stakeholders, housing equipped with technologies to manage complex care, high-performance ancillary equipment to transfer people with reduced mobility, and surveillance systems to ensure safety at home. Conclusions Although our study reports that CDOAs have limited interest in innovative technologies to help them remain at home, their technological skills will undoubtedly improve in the future, as will those of ICs and PCs. Technological tools will play an increasingly important role in home health care.

scholarly journals Practice makes perfect: High performance gains in older adults engaged in selective attention within and across sensory modalities

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Rienäcker ◽  
Heidi I.L. Jacobs ◽  
Caroline M. Van Heugten ◽  
Pascal W.M. Van Gerven
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Performance Gains

The Plasma Proteome Fingerprint Associated With Circulating Carotenoids And Retinol In Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Yamaguchi ◽  
Marta Zampino ◽  
Toshiko Tanaka ◽  
Stefania Bandinelli ◽  
Ruin Moaddel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Plasma Proteome ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Background Although diets rich in carotenoids are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, age-related macular degeneration, disability, and other adverse aging outcomes, the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Objectives To characterize the plasma proteome fingerprint associated with circulating carotenoid and retinol concentrations in older adults. Methods In 728 adults, ≥65 years, participating in the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) Study, plasma α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. The SOMAscan assay was used to measure 1301 plasma proteins. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the relationship of individual carotenoids and retinol with plasma proteins. A false discovery rate approach was used to deal with multiple comparisons using a q-value <0.05. Results Plasma β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene were associated with 85, 39, 4, 2, and 5 plasma proteins, respectively, in multivariable linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders (q<0.05). No proteins were associated with α-carotene or retinol. Two or more carotenoids were positively associated with ferritin, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), hepcidin, thrombospondin-2, and choline/ethanolamine kinase. The proteins associated with circulating carotenoids were related to energy metabolism, sirtuin signaling, inflammation and oxidative stress, iron metabolism, proteostasis, innate immunity, and longevity. Conclusions The plasma proteomic fingerprint associated with elevated circulating carotenoids in older adults provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the protective role of carotenoids on health.

scholarly journals Can functional exercise capacity discriminate older individuals with poor postural control?

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Marcio R. Oliveira ◽  
Laís S. Vidotto ◽  
André W. Gil ◽  
Myriam Fernanda Merli ◽  
Vanessa S. Probst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Performance Group ◽  
Functional Exercise ◽  
Functional Exercise Capacity

AbstractPostural instability can be related to functional limitations as a result of the aging process. This study aimed to compare functional exercise capacity and postural control in older adults. Participants were allocated into three groups according to their functional exercise capacity based on the six minute walking test (6MWT): 1) Low performance group (LP: distance walked ≤ 80% of the predicted value n = 19), 2) Normal performance group (NP: distance walked 81-100% of the predicted value n = 21) and, 3) High performance group (HP: distance walked >100% of the predicted value n = 23). All groups performed three trials of a one-leg stance for 30s on a force platform. LP showed worse postural control in comparison to NP and HP, and significant differences (p < .05) were found between groups for area, velocity antero-posterior of center of pressure and time limit variables during the one-leg stance task. These results have implications for rehabilitation management with regard to exercise, balance assessment and intervention in older adults.

scholarly journals Perceptions About Technologies That Help Community-Dwelling Older Adults Remain at Home: Qualitative Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk Verloo ◽  
Thomas Kampel ◽  
Nicole Vidal ◽  
Filipa Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Home Health Care ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
At Home

BACKGROUND The population of Europe is aging rapidly. Most community-dwelling older adults (CDOAs) want to remain in their homes, particularly those experiencing functional decline. Politicians and academics repeatedly praise technological instruments for being the preferred solution for helping older adults with deteriorating health to remain at home. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to understand the perceptions of CDOAs and their informal caregivers (ICs) and professional caregivers (PCs) about technologies that can help keep older adults at home. METHODS This qualitative study used personal interviews, focus groups, and photo-elicitation interviews to better understand the perceptions of a convenience sample of 68 CDOAs, 21 ICs, and 32 PCs. RESULTS A fraction of CDOAs did not perceive technological instruments to be a very useful means of helping them remain at home. However, the ICs and PCs were more positive. The CDOAs preferred and were more willing to adopt technologies related to their mobility and safety and those that would help slow down their cognitive decline. The ICs preferred technological aids that assist in the activities of daily living as well as safety-related technologies for detecting falls and helping to locate disoriented older adults. The PCs preferred integrated communication and information systems to improve collaboration between all stakeholders, housing equipped with technologies to manage complex care, high-performance ancillary equipment to transfer people with reduced mobility, and surveillance systems to ensure safety at home. CONCLUSIONS Although our study reports that CDOAs have limited interest in innovative technologies to help them remain at home, their technological skills will undoubtedly improve in the future, as will those of ICs and PCs. Technological tools will play an increasingly important role in home health care.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological and Physical Trajectories in Neurotypical and High-cognitive Performing Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Amorim Aita ◽  
Corina Satler ◽  
Henrique Salmazo Da silva ◽  
Isabelle Patriciá Freitas Soares Chariglione
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Performing ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nonparametric Statistical ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The maintenance of high cognitive performance in old age has increasinglybecome a public health interest due to associations between cognition,well-being, longevity, and autonomy. The objective of the researchis to investigate cognitive, physical, and psychological trajectories ofneurotypical older adults (NOAs) and high performing older adults(HPOAs). An exploratory study to investigate 21 NOAs and six HPOAs(mean age 71, SD = ± 3.59), followed up for one year. The older adultswere submitted to physical fitness, quality of life, anxiety, depression,RAVLT, ACE-R, and Stroop tests, being assessed at three moments:baseline, six months after the cognitive (MEMO) or stimulation (Stimullus)interventions, and six months after the multimodal interventions, whichcould be physical or psychopedagogical interventions (health educationlectures). Nonparametric statistical tests (Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon)were performed with p≤0.05. The results demonstrated that the cognitivemeasures were good predictors of cognitive performance and we observedpositive correlations between cognitive and mood measures. The olderadults with high performance had a lower prevalence of depressivesymptoms. There were gains in global cognitive performance, mood, and inphysical fitness variables associated with multimodal interventions, evidentin the neurotypical group

Cognitive control constrains memory attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Kelley ◽  
Larry L. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control

Abstract Cognitive control constrains retrieval processing and so restricts what comes to mind as input to the attribution system. We review evidence that older adults, patients with Alzheimer's disease, and people with traumatic brain injury exert less cognitive control during retrieval, and so are susceptible to memory misattributions in the form of dramatic levels of false remembering.

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