scholarly journals Practice makes perfect: High performance gains in older adults engaged in selective attention within and across sensory modalities

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Rienäcker ◽  
Heidi I.L. Jacobs ◽  
Caroline M. Van Heugten ◽  
Pascal W.M. Van Gerven
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Performance Gains

Deficits in Selective Attention Alter Gait in Frail Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Cornu ◽  
Jean-Paul Steinmetz ◽  
Carine Federspiel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Gait Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract. A growing body of research demonstrates an association between gait disorders, falls, and attentional capacities in older adults. The present work empirically analyzes differences in gait parameters in frail institutionalized older adults as a function of selective attention. Gait analysis under single- and dual-task conditions as well as selective attention measures were collected from a total of 33 nursing-home residents. We found that differences in selective attention performances were related to the investigated gait parameters. Poorer selective attention performances were associated with higher stride-to-stride variabilities and a slowing of gait speed under dual-task conditions. The present findings suggest a contribution of selective attention to a safe gait. Implications for gait rehabilitation programs are discussed.

Prevalence and Phenomenology of Sensory Experiences of a Deceased Spouse: A Survey of Bereaved Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110162
Author(s):  
Karina S. Kamp ◽  
Edith Maria Steffen ◽  
Andrew Moskowitz ◽  
Helle Spindler
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Danish Population ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Grief Process ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Potential Resource

Sensory and quasi-sensory experiences of the deceased (SED), also called bereavement hallucinations, are common in bereavement, but research detailing these experiences is limited. Methods: An in-depth survey of SED was developed based on existing research, and 310 older adults from the general Danish population participated in the study 6–10 months after their spouse died. Results: SED were reported by 42% of the participants with wide-ranging phenomenological features across sensory-modalities. In particular, seeing and hearing the deceased spouse was experienced as very similar to the couple’s everyday contacts before death. SED were endorsed as positive by a majority of experiencers, and the experiences were often shared with family and friends. Discussion: SED are conceptualized as social and relational phenomena, which may comfort the surviving spouse in late-life bereavement, but also provide tangible help to some experiencers. In clinical practice, SED may be considered a potential resource for the therapeutic grief process.

Individual Differences in Attention and the Prediction of Flight Criteria

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1335-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gopher ◽  
Daniel Kahneman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Listening Test ◽  
Transient Instability ◽  
High Performance Aircraft

A dichotic listening test was constructed which requires S to monitor a relevant message and to ignore a concurrent message presented to the other ear. The test has promising validity for predicting different criteria of proficiency in flying high-performance aircraft. An analysis of the most valid type of errors suggests that a change in an existing orientation is accompanied by a transient instability of selective attention. Most errors in continuous attention are omissions, which indicate a failure of the listening set. Intrusions, which indicate a failure of selectivity, are rare and their frequency is not correlated to flight criteria.

Spatial memory in Canadian and Indian young and older adults: the effects of age, culture and cultural orientation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushi Patel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Performance Gains ◽  
The Relationship

Cross-cultural research suggests that individualistic Americans have a tendency to process focal objects; in contrast, collectivist Asians have a tendency to bind objects and context (Park & Huang, 2010). However, little is known whether the reported cultural differences are moderated by cultural orientation. In light of these results and the well-reported age-related decline in binding abilities, the current study examined cultural and age differences in cultural orientation, spatial memory and strategy use with young and older Canadian and Indian adults. There was little difference between Canadian and Indian participants’ cultural orientation. While cultural orientation did not moderate the relationship between culture and spatial memory, spatial memory and strategy use differed as a function of age. The use of context-specific strategies resulted in performance gains in older adults, however overall older adults had poor spatial memory, with Indian older adults scoring significantly lower than Canadian older adults on the courtyard task.

scholarly journals O1-05-08: Memory decline in older adults is predicted by focused / selective attention

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3S_Part_3) ◽  
pp. S179-S179
Author(s):  
Angeles Garcia ◽  
Alisha Hemraj ◽  
Salman Klar ◽  
Letty Lau ◽  
Kelly Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Memory Decline

HOPS: high-performance library for (non-)uniform sampling of convex-constrained models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann F Jadebeck ◽  
Axel Theorell ◽  
Samuel Leweke ◽  
Katharina Nöh
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Scalable Algorithms ◽  
Uniform Sampling ◽  
Non Uniform Sampling ◽  
Constrained Models ◽  
Performance Gains

Abstract Summary The C++ library Highly Optimized Polytope Sampling (HOPS) provides implementations of efficient and scalable algorithms for sampling convex-constrained models that are equipped with arbitrary target functions. For uniform sampling, substantial performance gains were achieved compared to the state-of-the-art. The ease of integration and utility of non-uniform sampling is showcased in a Bayesian inference setting, demonstrating how HOPS interoperates with third-party software. Availability and implementation Source code is available at https://github.com/modsim/hops/, tested on Linux and MS Windows, includes unit tests, detailed documentation, example applications and a Dockerfile. Contact [email protected] Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Factors of high performance in Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-625
Author(s):  
Paulo Santos ◽  
André de Waal
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Performance Gains

Purpose Ever since Portugal joined the European Union, Portuguese organisations have been struggling with both the challenges of new competitors flooding in from other European countries and taking advantage of the opportunities the new enlarged integrated market offered them. This is because Portuguese companies have in general low average rates of productivity growth while they lack techniques to improve not only these rates but also overall organisational performance. The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether the high-performance organisation (HPO) framework, a holistic improvement technique developed on the basis of worldwide data, is valid for the Portuguese context and therefore can support Portuguese organisations in their efforts to achieve better performance. Design/methodology/approach Managers in Portuguese organisations, which were found in the Spain balance sheet analysis system database, were approached to fill in the HPO questionnaire on their company. In total, data was received from 163 organisations. This data was subsequently statistically analysed using a confirmatory factor analysis. Findings The study shows that the 35 items of the HPO framework are valid for the participating Portuguese organisations and as such form a reliable HPO framework for these organisations. Thus, the HPO framework can be reliably applied at Portuguese organisations to evaluate their current level of organisational performance and to propose recommendations to improve performance. Originality/value This research study fills the gap of the currently rather limited literature on the application of holistic and effective improvement techniques in Portugal, and as such future researchers can use the framework to conduct a more in-depth study of performance gains in the Portuguese context. Portuguese managers now have at their disposal a holistic improvement technique validated for their context, so they can use the HPO framework with confidence to start improving their own organisations.

Towards Using Cloud Elasticity on the Internet of Things Landscape

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Da Rosa Righi ◽  
Márcio Miguel Gomes ◽  
Cristiano Andrá Da Costa ◽  
Helge Parzyjegla ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Heiss
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Data Volume ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Cloud Elasticity ◽  
Performance Gains ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The digital universe is growing at significant rates in recent years. One of the main responsible for this sentence is the Internet of Things, or IoT, which requires a middleware that should be capable to handle this increase of data volume at real-time. Particularly, data can arrive in the middleware in parallel as in terms of input data from Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) readers as request-reply query operations from the users side. Solutions modeled at software, hardware and/or architecture levels present limitations to handle such load, facing the problem of scalability in the IoT scope. In this context, this arti- cle presents a model denoted Eliot - Elasticity-driven Internet of Things - which combines both cloud and high performance computing to address the IoT scal- ability problem in a novel EPCglobal-compliant architecture. Particularly, we keep the same API but offer an elastic EPCIS component in the cloud, which is designed as a collection of virtual machines (VMs) that are allocated and deallocated on-the-fly in accordance with the system load. Based on the Eliot model, we developed a prototype that could run over any black-box EPCglobal- compliant middleware. We selected the Fosstrak for this role, which is currently one of the most used IoT middlewares. Thus, the prototype acts as an upper layer over the Fosstrak to offer a better throughput and latency performances in an effortless way. The results are encouraging, presenting significant performance gains in terms of response time and request throughput when comparing both elastic (Eliot) and non-elastic (standard Fosstrak) executions.  

Attention and Sensory Interactions within the Occipital Cortex in the Early Blind: An fMRI Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt E. Weaver ◽  
Alexander A. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Somatosensory Cortices ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Sensory Interactions ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Visual deprivation early in life results in occipital cortical responsiveness across a broad range of perceptual and cognitive tasks. In the reorganized occipital cortex of early blind (EB) individuals, the relative lack of specificity for particular sensory stimuli and tasks suggests that attention effects may play a prominent role in these areas. We wished to establish whether occipital cortical areas in the EB were responsive to stimuli across sensory modalities (auditory, tactile) and whether these areas maintained or altered their activity as a function of selective attention. Using a three-stimulus oddball paradigm and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, auditory and tactile tasks presented separately demonstrated that several occipital regions of interest (ROIs) in the EB, but not sighted controls (SCs), responded to targets and task-irrelevant distracter stimuli of both modalities. When auditory and tactile stimuli were presented simultaneously with subjects alternating attention between sensory streams, only the calcarine sulcus continued to respond to stimuli in both modalities. In all other ROIs, responses to auditory targets were as large or larger than those observed in the auditory-alone condition, but responses to tactile targets were attenuated or abolished by the presence of unattended auditory stimuli. Both auditory and somatosensory cortices responded consistently to auditory and tactile targets, respectively. These results reveal mechanisms of orienting and selective attention within the visual cortex of EB individuals and suggest that mechanisms of enhancement and suppression interact asymmetrically on auditory and tactile streams during bimodal sensory presentation.

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