Visualization of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the intact rat optic nerve by intracellular injection of lucifer yellow and horseradish peroxidase

Glia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Butt ◽  
Bruce R. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Intracellular Injection

Mapping of neuronal contacts with intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase and Lucifer yellow in combination

1981 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.R. Macagno ◽  
K.J. Muller ◽  
W.B. Kristan ◽  
S.A. Deriemer ◽  
R. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Intracellular Injection

scholarly journals Plateau-Generating Nerve Cells in Helix: Morphological and Electrophysiological Characteristics

1990 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-209
Author(s):  
T. PIN ◽  
M. CREST ◽  
E. EHILE ◽  
G. JACQUET ◽  
M. GOLA
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Neurosecretory Granules ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Intracellular Injection ◽  
Snail Helix Pomatia ◽  
Driver Potential ◽  
P Cells

We describe the anatomical and electrophysiological characteristics of a group of Helix nerve cells, styled P cells, that generate long-lasting depolarizations in response to repeated stimulations at low frequencies. Four neurones were identified in the perioesophageal ganglia of the snail Helix pomatia. Their structure was determined by intracellular injection of Lucifer Yellow, cobaltlysine or horseradish peroxidase. The soma was found to contain neurosecretory granules. These cells innervated the whole foot muscle and the mantle, but were not involved in muscle movement or locomotion. They may participate in mucus secretion. Upon depolarization they fired Ca2+-dependent spikes; at a critical firing rate (5–6 Hz), the spikes were converted into depolarized plateaus (+10 to +20 mV) lasting for several seconds. The plateau was Ca2+-dependent and persisted in Na+-free saline. It was sustained by a slowly inactivating Ca2+ current that produced a large intracellular Ca2+ accumulation (monitored with the Ca2+- sensitive dye Arsenazo III). The plateau was restricted to the soma and the proximal axon and may act as a driver potential inducing axon firing and prolonging the release of neurosecretory materials. Note: To whom reprint requests should be addressed.

scholarly journals Phorbol esters and horseradish peroxidase stimulate pinocytosis and redirect the flow of pinocytosed fluid in macrophages.

1985 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Swanson ◽  
B D Yirinec ◽  
S C Silverstein
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Phorbol Esters ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Tumor Promoter ◽  
Steady State Rate ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Lucifer Yellow CH (LY) is an excellent probe for fluid-phase pinocytosis. It accumulates within the macrophage vacuolar system, is not degraded, and is not toxic at concentrations of 6.0 mg/ml. Its uptake is inhibited at 0 degree C. Thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages were found to exhibit curvilinear uptake kinetics of LY. Upon addition of LY to the medium, there was a brief period of very rapid cellular accumulation of the dye (1,400 ng of LY/mg protein per h at 1 mg/ml LY). This rate of accumulation most closely approximates the rate of fluid influx by pinocytosis. Within 60 min, the rate of LY accumulation slowed to a steady-state rate of 250 ng/mg protein per h which then continued for up to 18 h. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that the reduced rate of accumulation under steady-state conditions was due to efflux of LY. Only 20% of LY taken into the cells was retained; the remainder was released back into the medium. Efflux has two components, rapid and slow; each can be characterized kinetically as a first-order reaction. The kinetics are similar to those described by Besterman et al. (Besterman, J. M., J. A. Airhart, R. C. Woodworth, and R. B. Low, 1981, J. Cell Biol. 91:716-727) who interpret fluid-phase pinocytosis as involving at least two compartments, one small, rapidly turning over compartment and another apparently larger one which fills and empties slowly. To search for processes that control intracellular fluid traffic, we studied pinocytosis after treatment of macrophages with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or with the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). HRP, often used as a marker for fluid-phase pinocytosis, was observed to stimulate the rate of LY accumulation in macrophages. PMA caused an immediate four- to sevenfold increase in the rate of LY accumulation. Both HRP and PMA increased LY accumulation by stimulating influx and reducing the percentage of internalized fluid that is rapidly recycled. A greater proportion of endocytosed fluid passes into the slowly emptying compartment (presumed lysosomes). These experiments demonstrate that because of the considerable efflux by cells, measurement of marker accumulation inaccurately estimates the rate of fluid pinocytosis. Moreover, pinocytic flow of water and solutes through cytoplasm is subject to regulation at points beyond the formation of pinosomes.

Reversible carbon dioxide-induced inhibition of dye coupling in Necturus gallbladder

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (5) ◽  
pp. C419-C421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Jarrell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Calcium Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Dye Coupling ◽  
Gallbladder Epithelium ◽  
Intracellular Injection ◽  
Necturus Gallbladder ◽  
High Concentrations

The cells of Necturus gallbladder epithelium are electrically coupled. This work used intracellular injection of the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow to demonstrate that these cells are also dye coupled and that this coupling is rapidly and reversibly inhibited by high concentrations of carbon dioxide. Dye coupling is also inhibited by the calcium ionophore A23187.

Development of the nucleus isthmi in Xenopus, II: Branching patterns of contralaterally projecting isthmotectal axons during maturation of binocular maps

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Udin
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Nucleus Isthmi ◽  
Anterograde Transport ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Contralateral Eye

AbstractThe tectum of Xenopus frogs receives input from both eyes. The contralateral eye's projection reaches the tectum directly, via the optic nerve, and the ipsilateral eye's projection reaches the tectum indirectly, via the nucleus isthmi. Under normal conditions, the topography of the ipsilateral map relayed from the nucleus isthmi is in register with the topography of the retinotectal map from the contralateral eye. During development, the process of aligning the two maps is complicated by the dramatic changes in binocular overlap of the two eyes' visual fields which take place during late tadpole and juvenile stages. The goal of this study is to determine the branching patterns of contralaterally projecting isthmotectal axons before, during, and after the period of rapid eye migration.Isthmotectal axons were filled by anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from the nucleus isthmi. The results show that crossed isthmotectal axons enter the entire extent of the tectum before binocular overlap begins to increase. Therefore, binocular overlap is not necessary for the initial isthmotectal projection to span the tectum. The density of isthmotectal branches rises dramatically at the same time that the eyes begin to shift. During the period when eye migration is most rapid, many isthmotectal axons form arbors which resemble adult arbors but which extend over greater proportions of the tectal surface.The axons appear to be directed toward appropriate mediolateral positions as they enter the tectum. Their trajectories are roughly rostocaudal, with relatively little change along the mediolateral dimension. These data, when combined with available physiological data, suggest that mediolateral order is initially established by vision-independent mechanisms but can be altered by vision-dependent mechanisms. Rostrocaudal order becomes discernable only at the time when binocular visual cues become available and appears to be established primarily on the basis of the activity of the retinotectal and isthmotectal axons.

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