scholarly journals Do agricultural grasses bred for improved root systems provide resilience to machinery‐derived soil compaction?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuwan P.K. Muhandiram ◽  
Mike W. Humphreys ◽  
Rhun Fychan ◽  
John W. Davies ◽  
Ruth Sanderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Systems

Soil compaction and cotton growth on a vertisol

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mcgarry
Keyword(s):  
Pore Volume ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Specific Pore Volume ◽  
Structure Degradation ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Differences in growth, yield and root systems of two adjoining cotton crops on a Vertisol near Dalby, Queensland, were explained in terms of soil profile morphology and soil shrinkage indices. The soil beneath the strongly inferior crop had platy structure in the 0.05-0.28 m layer and significantly less air-filled specific pore volume in the 0.2-0.4 m layer. This soil structure degradation was caused by seedbed preparation of wet soil, prior to sowing the cotton crop.

Corrigenda - Soil compaction and cotton growth on a vertisol

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
D Mcgarry
Keyword(s):  
Pore Volume ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Specific Pore Volume ◽  
Structure Degradation ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Differences in growth, yield and root systems of two adjoining cotton crops on a Vertisol near Dalby, Queensland, were explained in terms of soil profile morphology and soil shrinkage indices. The soil beneath the strongly inferior crop had platy structure in the 0.05-0.28 m layer and significantly less air-filled specific pore volume in the 0.2-0.4 m layer. This soil structure degradation was caused by seedbed preparation of wet soil, prior to sowing the cotton crop.

Root responses of triticale and soybean to soil compaction in the field are reproducible under controlled conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tino Colombi ◽  
Achim Walter
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Oxygen Availability ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Limited Oxygen

Soil compaction includes a set of underlying stresses that limit root growth such as increased impedance and limited oxygen availability. The aims of the present study were to (i) find acclimations of triticale (× Triticosecale) and soybean (Glycine max L.) roots to compacted soils in the field; (ii) reproduce these under controlled conditions; and (iii) associate these responses with soil physical properties. To this end, plants were grown at two different soil bulk densities in the field and under controlled conditions representing mature root systems and the seedling stage respectively. Diameters, lateral branching densities, the cortical proportion within the total root cross-section and the occurrence of cortical aerenchyma of main roots were quantified. Soil compaction caused decreasing root branching and increasing cortical proportions in both crops and environments. In triticale, root diameters and the occurrence of aerenchyma increased in response to compaction in the field and under controlled conditions. In soybean, these acclimations occurred at an initial developmental stage but due to radial root growth not in mature roots. These results showed that responses of root systems to compacted soils in the field are, to a large extent, reproducible under controlled conditions, enabling increased throughput, phenotyping-based breeding programs in the future. Furthermore, the occurrence of aerenchyma clearly indicated the important role of limited oxygen availability in compacted soils on root growth.

Effects of soil compaction on the development of rice and maize root systems

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iijima ◽  
Y. Kono ◽  
A. Yamauchi ◽  
J.R. Pardales
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Maize Root

scholarly journals Soil compaction and the architectural plasticity of root systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (21) ◽  
pp. 6019-6034 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Correa ◽  
Johannes A Postma ◽  
Michelle Watt ◽  
Tobias Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Root Plasticity ◽  
Architectural Plasticity

We present examples of root plasticity in response to soil compaction and discuss their role in plant performance. Subsequently, we propose a plastic ideotype for soil compaction tolerance.

scholarly journals Yarı-Kurak Bölgede Tesis Edilen Bir Üzümsü Meyve Bahçesindeki Toprak Sıkışması

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulden Balcı ◽  
Tuğrul Yakupoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Semi Arid

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of small berries with different root systems on soil compaction in a garden established in semi-arid climate regions. In the garden where raspberry, blackberry and wolfberry were cultivated, bulk density, penetration resistance and shear resistance measurements were implemented to evaluate soil compaction. According to the findings, there was no effect on the weight of the soil of the plants that are still three years old in the garden. However, the effect of blackberry and wolfberry on penetration resistance were similar, but the penetration resistance of the soil cultivated by raspberry was different and lower than the other two. It was determined that the shear strength of all three plants were different from each other, and the plants were ranked as blackberry

scholarly journals GROWSCREEN-Rhizo is a novel phenotyping robot enabling simultaneous measurements of root and shoot growth for plants grown in soil-filled rhizotrons

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin A. Nagel ◽  
Alexander Putz ◽  
Frank Gilmer ◽  
Kathrin Heinz ◽  
Andreas Fischbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Shoot Height

Root systems play an essential role in ensuring plant productivity. Experiments conducted in controlled environments and simulation models suggest that root geometry and responses of root architecture to environmental factors should be studied as a priority. However, compared with aboveground plant organs, roots are not easily accessible by non-invasive analyses and field research is still based almost completely on manual, destructive methods. Contributing to reducing the gap between laboratory and field experiments, we present a novel phenotyping system (GROWSCREEN-Rhizo), which is capable of automatically imaging roots and shoots of plants grown in soil-filled rhizotrons (up to a volume of ~18 L) with a throughput of 60 rhizotrons per hour. Analysis of plants grown in this setup is restricted to a certain plant size (up to a shoot height of 80 cm and root-system depth of 90 cm). We performed validation experiments using six different species and for barley and maize, we studied the effect of moderate soil compaction, which is a relevant factor in the field. First, we found that the portion of root systems that is visible through the rhizotrons’ transparent plate is representative of the total root system. The percentage of visible roots decreases with increasing average root diameter of the plant species studied and depends, to some extent, on environmental conditions. Second, we could measure relatively minor changes in root-system architecture induced by a moderate increase in soil compaction. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the good potential of this methodology to characterise root geometry and temporal growth responses with relatively high spatial accuracy and resolution for both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species. Our prototype will allow the design of high-throughput screening methodologies simulating environmental scenarios that are relevant in the field and will support breeding efforts towards improved resource use efficiency and stability of crop yields.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Compaction and Oxygen Content on Vertical and Horizontal Root Distribution

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.F. Gilman ◽  
I.A. Leone ◽  
F.B. Flower
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Gleditsia Triacanthos ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Soil Atmosphere ◽  
Root Spread

Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis seedlings were field planted in compacted and non-compacted soil in both normal oxygen and reduced oxygen soil atmosphere. Entire root systems were excavated and mapped. Compaction caused significantly shallower roots in normal and reduced oxygen areas. Roots in the reduced oxygen area were not significantly shallower than in normal oxygen areas. Root spread was correlated with stem diameter and branch spread. Lateral roots extended three times as far from the trunk as did the branches.

scholarly journals Development of Grass Root Systems as Influenced by Soil Compaction

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Fryrear ◽  
W. G. McCully
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Grass Root
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