scholarly journals The Relationship Between Praxis ® Core Academic Skills for Educators Test and Praxis ® Subject Assessment Scores: Validity Coefficients and Differential Prediction Analysis by Race/Ethnicity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Buzick
Keyword(s):  
Academic Skills ◽  
Differential Prediction ◽  
Prediction Analysis ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Exploring a measure of science attitude for different groups of students enrolled in introductory college chemistry

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachel M. Villafañe ◽  
Jennifer E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
College Chemistry ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Science Attitude ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Decisions about instruction, research, or policy often require the interpretation of student assessment scores. Increasingly, attitudinal variables are included in an assessment strategy, and it is important to ensure that interpretations of students' attitudinal status are based on instrument scores that apply similarly for diverse students. In this study, a shortened version of the Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA) was used to gather validity evidence based on the internal structure of the instrument in an introductory chemistry course. Using measurement invariance analysis by sex and race/ethnicity, it was found that the internal structure holds by sex, but it did not hold by race/ethnicity in our sample. Further analysis revealed problems with the normality scales for Black students in our sample. Also, this study examined the relationship between the scales of the Shortened TOSRA, achievement in chemistry, and prior math knowledge. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) it was found that two of the scales, attitude toward inquiry and career interest in science, have a small but significant influence on students' achievement in chemistry. This study highlights the importance of examining if the scores apply similarly for different groups of students in a population, since the scores of these assessments could be used to make decisions that will affect the students.

Automatization and Basic Fact Performance of Normal and Learning Disabled Children

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Garnett ◽  
Jeannette E. Fleischner
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Academic Skills ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Basic Fact ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Rapid Automatic Naming ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Naming Test

The relationship between automatization ability, as measured by the Rapid Automatic Naming Test (RAN), and proficiency in arithmetic basic fact computation was investigated. Subjects included 120 learning disabled and 120 nondisabled children between 8 and 13 years of age; 60 subjects in each group were designated as either younger or older. Significant correlations were obtained between RAN performance and basic fact proficiency for both the learning disabled and nondisabled groups. In addition, learning disabled subjects were found to be less proficient in basic fact computation and slower on RAN than their nondisabled peers at both younger and older age levels. Correlations were substantial enough to further inquire whether LD youngsters' lack of proficient basic fact skills may be due, in part at least, to weak automatization. The construct of automatization, or automaticity, has applicability to academic skills beyond those previously investigated.

State-Level Sexism and Women’s Health Care Access in the United States: Differences by Race/Ethnicity, 2014–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e10
Author(s):  
Kristen Schorpp Rapp ◽  
Vanessa V. Volpe ◽  
Hannah Neukrug
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barriers To Health Care ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Barriers To Health

Objectives. To quantify racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between state-level sexism and barriers to health care access among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic women in the United States. Methods. We merged a multidimensional state-level sexism index compiled from administrative data with the national Consumer Survey of Health Care Access (2014–2019; n = 10 898) to test associations between exposure to state-level sexism and barriers to access, availability, and affordability of health care. Results. Greater exposure to state-level sexism was associated with more barriers to health care access among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women, but not non-Hispanic White women. Affordability barriers (cost of medical bills, health insurance, prescriptions, and tests) appeared to drive these associations. More frequent need for care exacerbated the relationship between state-level sexism and barriers to care for Hispanic women. Conclusions. The relationship between state-level sexism and women’s barriers to health care access differs by race/ethnicity and frequency of needing care. Public Health Implications. State-level policies may be used strategically to promote health care equity at the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print September 2, 2021: e1–e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306455 )

scholarly journals Associations between adverse childhood experiences and acquired brain injury, including traumatic brain injuries, among adults: 2014 BRFSS North Carolina

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 514-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie S Guinn ◽  
Katie A Ports ◽  
Derek C Ford ◽  
Matt Breiding ◽  
Melissa T Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can negatively affect lifelong health and opportunity. Acquired brain injury (ABI), which includes traumatic brain injury (TBI) as well as other causes of brain injury, is a health condition that affects millions annually. The present study uses data from the 2014 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to examine the relationship between ACEs and ABI. The study sample included 3454 participants who completed questions on both ABI and ACEs. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between ACEs and ABI as well as ACEs and TBI. Sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical abuse, household mental illness and household substance abuse were significantly associated with ABI after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender and employment. Compared with those reporting no ACEs, individuals reporting three ACEs had 2.55 times the odds of having experienced an ABI; individuals reporting four or more ACEs had 3.51 times the odds of having experienced an ABI. Examining TBI separately, those who experienced sexual abuse, physical abuse, household mental illness and had incarcerated household members in childhood had greater odds of reported TBI, after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender and income. Respondents reporting three ACEs (AOR=4.16, 95% CI (1.47 to 11.76)) and four or more ACEs (AOR=3.39, 95% CI (1.45 to 7.90)) had significantly greater odds of reporting TBI than respondents with zero ACEs. Prevention of early adversity may reduce the incidence of ABI; however, additional research is required to elucidate the potential pathways from ACEs to ABI, and vice versa.

Identifying an Effect of Simulation Role Assignment on Critical Thinking Development in Baccalaureate Nursing Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1818-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin T. Weiler ◽  
Jason J. Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Baccalaureate Nursing ◽  
Baccalaureate Nursing Students ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Role Assignment ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Patient Simulators ◽  
The Relationship

With an increase in the number of nursing students and the limited number of open clinical positions, high-fidelity patient simulators (HFPS) have become the new norm. Multiple studies have evaluated HFPS effectiveness and several suggest that HFPS does has an effect on critical thinking. This study intends to provide data to support that suggestion. In addition, this study was designed to identify a possible correlation between role assignment and improvements in critical thinking after completion of a HFPS scenario. Analysis revealed that role assignment, for most of the roles, did have a statistically significant effect on the post-simulation critical thinking assessment scores. The relationship between role assignments and HFPS scenario outcomes (such as critical thinking), as well as the nature of the correlation, may help scenario developers better understand how critical thinking improvement can be affected by the involvement of the participant based on the roles assigned to them.

scholarly journals The relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients aged 20 or above: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Huang ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Yuhua Lei
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aim The incidence rate of diabetes is increasing year by year, seriously threatening human health. As a predictor of glycemic control, glycated hemoglobin is reported to be related to various complications and prognoses of diabetes. Besides, HDL-C dyslipidemia is a component of metabolic syndrome and may be related to various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The principal objective of this project was to investigate the relationship between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin in adult diabetic patients. Methods A total of 3171 adult diabetic patients aged 20 years and above were included in the present study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin were regarded as independent and dependent variables, respectively. EmpowerStats software and R (version 3.4.3) were used to examine the association between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin. Results HDL-C was inversely associated with glycohemoglobin after adjusting for other covariates (β = − 0.004, 95% CI:− 0.008 to − 0.000, p = 0.044). Race/ethnicity and age were considered the most prominent interactive factors that affect the relationship between HDL and glycosylated hemoglobin by the interaction analysis. A U-shaped association was detected between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin for people of other race/ethnicity or aged 60 and above, which had an inflection point of HDL-C at 60 mg/dL. In contrast, we observed an inverted U-shaped distribution between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin in people under 40 with point of inflection located at 60 mg/dL as well. Conclusions HDL-C in diabetic patients is inversely associated with glycosylated hemoglobin and may be relevant to glycemic control. However, a U-shaped relationship was also observed in a certain kind of people, which implied that, though HDL-C is considered as metabolism and anti-atherogenic property, for diabetics, it is not the higher, the better.

What Can Help? Examining Levels of Substance (Non)use as a Protective Factor in the Effect of ACEs on Crime

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Craig ◽  
Jonathan Intravia ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Michael T. Baglivio
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Although the deleterious impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on offending has been established, less is known about the possible protective factors that may buffer this relationship. Using a sample of over 28,000 adjudicated delinquents from a large southern state, the current study investigated the role of substance (non)use on the relationship between ACEs and recidivism and whether these results differed by race/ethnicity and sex. Results illustrate that ACEs increase the likelihood of recidivism among youth who engaged in moderate-to-high substance use. However, this effect was not found among youth who reported little-to-no substance use. Furthermore, these effects were largely consistent across race/ethnicity and sex. Policy implications of this buffering effect are discussed as well as limitations and directions for future research.

Abstract TMP100: Outpatient Statin Adherence is Associated with Reduced Recurrent Stroke Risk in Patients with or without Atrial Fibrillation

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C Flint ◽  
Carol Conell ◽  
Xiushui Ren ◽  
Sheila L Chan ◽  
Vivek A Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Statin Adherence ◽  
The Relationship

Outpatient statin use is known to reduce the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke of atherothrombotic etiology, but it is not known whether statins have similar effects in ischemic stroke associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). We examined the relationship between outpatient statin adherence and the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with or without AF in a large integrated healthcare delivery system. Among 6,283 patients with ischemic stroke discharged on a statin over a 5 year period, 1,486 (23.7%) had a diagnosis of AF at discharge. Statin adherence rates, measured as percentage of days covered (PDC), averaged 85% (88% for AF patients and 84% for non-AF patients). We observed up to three years after the initial stroke, with an average of two years follow up. In multivariable survival models, after controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and key medical comorbidities, higher statin adherence was found to strongly predict a reduced risk of recurrent ischemic stroke (Figure). In the second year post-stroke, the hazard ratio (HR) associated with a 10% increase in PDC was 0.93 (95% C.I. 0.89-097). The relationship between statin adherence and reduced stroke rates was similar in AF patients (HR 0.94, 95% C.I. 0.84-0.98) and non-AF patients (HR 0.93, 95% C.I. 0.88-0.98). These findings support the use of outpatient statins in all ischemic stroke patients, irrespective of stroke etiology (atherothrombotic vs. atrial fibrillation).

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