A bleached-kraft mill effluent fraction causing induction of a fish mixed-function oxygenase enzyme

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1524-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kent Burnison ◽  
Peter V. Hodson ◽  
Donna J. Nuttley ◽  
Sue Efler
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Mixed Function Oxygenase

Isolation and tentative identification of compound in bleached-kraft mill effluent capable of causing mixed-function oxygenase induction in fish

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2882-2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kent Burnison ◽  
Michael E. Comba ◽  
John H. Carey ◽  
Joanne Parrott ◽  
James P. Sherry
Keyword(s):  
Tentative Identification ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Mixed Function Oxygenase

Reproductive Dysfunction and MFO Activity in Three Species of Fish Exposed to Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent at Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Munkittrick ◽  
G.J. Van Der Kraak ◽  
M.E. McMaster ◽  
C.B. Portt
Keyword(s):  
Pulp Mill ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Reproductive Dysfunction ◽  
Reproductive Regulation ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Longnose Sucker ◽  
Mixed Function Oxygenase

Abstract Our recent studies have demonstrated reproductive dysfunction in white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), longnose sucker (C. catostomus) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) populations exposed to bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME). Although all three species show elevated levels of hepatic mixed function oxygenase (MFO) activity and depressed circulating steroid levels, we have been unable to provide clear evidence of whether these two events are directly linked to whole organism changes. Although depressed steroid levels appear to be linked to delayed sexual maturity, changes in fecundity and reduced secondary sexual characteristics in white sucker and lake whitefish, longnose sucker show no impacts of reduced steroid levels on reproductive performance. Installation of secondary treatment at this pulp mill did not alleviate the steroidal dysfunction or MFO induction. However, samples collected after a two week maintenance shutdown showed a return to reference levels of MFO activity in both sexes and of steroid levels in male fish. The relationship between elevated MFO activity and depressed steroid levels is unclear, but detailed experiments suggest that the two phenomena are not directly linked. White sucker show depressed steroid production and impaired reproductive regulation independent of MFO activity.

Changes in Maturity, Plasma Sex Steroid Levels, Hepatic Mixed-Function Oxygenase Activity, and the Presence of External Lesions in Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) Exposed to Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1560-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Munkittrick ◽  
M. E. McMaster ◽  
C. B. Portt ◽  
G. J. Van Der Kraak ◽  
I. R. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Mixed Function Oxygenase

Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) exposed to primary treated bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) had reduced gonadal development and increased liver size relative to two reference populations. These results parallel our previous work on the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) exposed to BKME at the same Lake Superior site. More detailed studies conducted in 1990, after the installation of an aeration stabilization basin at the pulp mill, found that lake whitefish exhibited reduced gonad sizes, delayed age to maturation, decreased levels of the plasma sex steroids testosterone and 17β-estradiol, and elevated hepatic mixed-function oxygenase (MFO) activity. Liver size was smaller following operation of the secondary treatment system. More than 20% of the lake whitefish collected at the BKME site in 1990 exhibited lateral, slash-like lesions which penetrated the body cavity. Histological examination revealed no evidence of an infectious etiology, and the wounds could not be accounted for by known causes. Similar lesions were found in 1991 near a second BKME discharge.

Responses in a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Lifecycle Test and in Wild White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Exposed to a Canadian Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Parrott ◽  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
Tibor G. Kovacs ◽  
Deborah L. MacLatchy ◽  
Pierre H. Martel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Abstract To evaluate currently available bioassays for their use in investigating the causes of pulp and paper mill effluent effects on fish reproduction, the responses of wild white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) collected from the receiving environment at the bleached kraft mill at La Tuque, Quebec, were compared with responses of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to effluent in a laboratory lifecycle test. White sucker collected at effluent exposed sites had increased liver size but none of the reproductive effects that had been documented in earlier field studies at this site. Exposure to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) in the lab led to significantly decreased length, but increased weight and liver size in male fathead minnow. Female length was also decreased and liver size was increased at high effluent exposures. Most effluent concentrations (1 to 30%) significantly increased egg production compared with controls. The fathead minnow lifecycle assay mirrored the effects seen in wild fish captured downstream of the BKME discharge. These results will be used to select short-term fish tests for investigating the causes of and solutions to the effects of mill effluents on fish reproduction.

Assessment of the Acute Toxicity, Growth Impairment, and Flesh Tainting Potential of a Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent on Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Whittle ◽  
K. W. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Effluent Concentration ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Static and continuous-flow bioassays utilizing juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were conducted on a northern Ontario bleached kraft mill effluent to assess the range of acute toxicity and related sublethal effects. The acute toxicity of the total mill effluent, as determined by static bioassay procedures, ranged from a 96-h LC50 value of 14–49.0% vol/vol. The results of these bioassays depended on testing methodology and effluent treatment systems employed by the mill when samples were collected. Continuous-flow bioassays conducted on the effluent Produced 96-h LC50 values of 21.8 and 24.8% vol/vol. Growth rate of juvenile rainbow trout (1–2 g) held under continuous-flow conditions for 18 days was significantly reduced at 6% vol/vol effluent concentration (P < 0.05). Flavor of yearling rainbow trout [Formula: see text] exposed to 3% effluent for 48 h was significantly impaired (P < 0.05). This effluent concentration, the lowest level impairing flavor represents approximately 0.12 of the 96-h LC50 derived from continuous-flow bioassays. No significant flavor impairment was detected in fish exposed for 144 h to a 2% effluent concentration Flavor impairment at a 3% vol/vol effluent concentration, the most sensitive sublethal response measured in this study, may also be the most critical response when assessing the economic impact of a kraft mill discharge to a freshwater ecosystem.

Decolorization of a kraft mill effluent with fungal mycelium immobilized in calcium alginate gel

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Livernoche ◽  
L. Jurasek ◽  
M. Desrochers ◽  
I. A. Veliky
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Alginate Gel ◽  
Calcium Alginate Gel ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Effects of bleached kraft mill effluent on fish in the St. Maurice River, Quebec

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1635-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson ◽  
Denis Thivierge ◽  
Marie-Claude Levesque ◽  
Michelle McWhirter ◽  
Karen Ralph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Multi-component kinetics of activated sludge treatment of bleached kraft mill effluent

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
S.S. Helle ◽  
S.J.B. Duff
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

This study investigated the discrepancies between the BOD removal rates measured during short term assays and those measured during continuous activated sludge treatment of bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME). A combination of batch tests and fed batch tests with oxygen uptake rate (OUR), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) measurements were used to characterize the degradation rates for the activated sludge treatment of BKME and to divide the soluble readily biodegradable substrate into two to five separate fractions based on biodegradation rates. The removal rates varied by over an order of magnitude between the most readily degradable substrates (1 × 10-3 mg COD/mg MLVSS minute), and the more slowly degradable substrates (2 × 10-5 mg COD/mg MLVSS minute). If the readily biodegradable fraction of BKME was modeled as one substrate, initial rate kinetic measurements from batch tests were heavily influenced by the fractions with the greatest degradation rates, while any remaining BOD in the treated effluent was predominantly from the slowly degradable fraction, giving inconsistent results. Taking the multi-component nature of the wastewater into account, batch test results can be used to predict fed-batch and continuous activated sludge reactor performance.

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