Modeling the Bioavailability of Nickel and Zinc to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Neocloeon triangulifer in Toxicity Tests with Natural Waters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Besser ◽  
Chris D Ivey ◽  
Jeffery A Steevens ◽  
Danielle Cleveland ◽  
David Soucek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Dubia ◽  
Toxicity Tests

Bicarbonate as a Potential Confounding Factor in Cladoceran Toxicity Assessments of Pore Water from Contaminated Sediments

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1633-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hoke ◽  
William R. Gala ◽  
James B. Drake ◽  
John P. Giesy ◽  
Stan Flegler
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Dubia ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Pore Waters ◽  
Sediment Pore Water ◽  
International Joint Commission ◽  
Reference Toxicant ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Pore Water Sample

Elevated alkalinity values measured in sediment pore water samples from the Grand Calumet River–Indiana Harbor Canal, an International joint Commission Area of Concern (AOC), caused concern over the potential effects of alkalinity on cladoceran test responses. Forty-eight-hour tests with NaHCO3 and NaCl as reference toxicants indicated that NaHCO3 toxicity to Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia was due to both Na+ and HCO3−, although greater HCO3− toxicity was observed to D. magna. Theoretical HCO3− concentrations in sediment pore waters from the AOC demonstrated sufficient HCO3− in several samples to produce acute toxicity, based on 48-h LC50s from the reference toxicant tests. X-ray microanalysis was conducted to qualitatively assess the effects on internal Cl− levels of D. magna after exposure to NaHCO3, to an AOC sediment pore water sample, and to NaSCN, a metabolic inhibitor of Cl− uptake. Based on these results the proposed mechanism of HCO3− toxicity to D. magna is the inhibition of the active uptake of Cl− from water. We suggest that pore water alkalinity should be considered when interpreting the results of sediment pore water and effluent toxicity tests with D. magna, other cladocerans, and, perhaps, other invertebrates and fish.

Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia Have Similar Sensitivity in Standard Acute and Chronic Toxicity Tests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin A. Connors ◽  
Jessica L. Brill ◽  
Teresa Norberg‐King ◽  
Mace G. Barron ◽  
Greg Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Dubia ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity

Use and limitations of microbial bioassays for assessing copper bioavailability in the aquatic environment

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Stauber ◽  
C M Davies
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Copper Bioavailability

Although chemical measurement techniques and geochemical speciation modelling may detect and predict the different forms of copper in aquatic systems and hence provide some information about the likely toxicity of the water to aquatic organisms, they do not give direct quantitative data on adverse biological effects. Bioassays or toxicity tests are generic tests that use living organisms as indicators of contaminant bioavailability in aquatic systems. The microbial community, including protozoa, algae, bacteria, and fungi, provides a useful tool for directly assessing the hazard of copper in natural ecosystems. Most of our information on copper toxicity in aquatic systems comes from single-species tests using cultured organisms. However, whole community bioassays with natural phytoplankton and bacterial populations are finding increasing use. Although laboratory toxicity tests using ionic copper spiked into pristine seawater or synthetic softwater provide information on copper toxicity under controlled conditions, their usefulness for estimating bioavailable copper is limited in natural waters, where copper toxicity is ameliorated by complexation and adsorption. Careful selection of appropriately sensitive test species, bioassay endpoints, and test protocols is necessary to ensure the environmental relevance of the bioassays used. An understanding of metal speciation, metal-cell binding, mechanisms of toxicity, and limitations of the bioassays is required to understand copper bioavailability in natural waters and sediments. In this review, the use of bioassays with bacteria and microalgae for assessing copper bioavailability in marine and fresh waters and sediments is discussed, with particular emphasis on the limitations of current techniques. There is an urgent need for more environmentally relevant tests with sufficient sensitivity to detect bioavailable copper at concentrations close to water and sediment quality guideline values. Key words: bioassay, copper, metal, bioavailability, toxicity, bacteria, algae.

Learning from the Eco-Toxicology of Fire-Fighting Foams in Aquatic Organisms: Altered Eco-Toxicity of Sodium Alkyl Sulfonates on Green Paramecia and Medaka Fish Maintained in Different Waters

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaishi Goto ◽  
◽  
Hiroshi Takaichi ◽  
Tomonori Kawano ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Medaka Fish ◽  
Alkyl Sulfonates ◽  
Laboratory Water

A variety of ciliated and flagellated protozoan species have been used as bio-indicators of the eco-toxic impacts of polluting chemicals, especially in aquatic environments such as rivers, ponds, lakes, and wetlands. To date, both the short-term and long-term impacts of fire-fighting foams (FFFs) in aquatic (freshwater environment) and semi-aquatic (wetland) ecosystems have been assessed in laboratory-scale model assays and in biotope-based assays. Little attention has been given to the fact that water qualities, such as hardness, drastically alter the toxic actions of various chemicals against living aquatic organisms including fishes, algae, and other microbes, suggesting that the laboratory water often employed in toxicity assays for fishes and microorganisms might not reflect the actual impact of chemicals in the ecosystem. Therefore, for examining the toxicity of certain chemicals (chiefly detergent-based and soap-based FFFs) in aquatic organisms, we have previously proposed that a series of simple eco-toxicity tests using natural waters sampled from the natural organism’s habitats or blends of mineralcontaining water preparations mimicking the natural habitat waters be used in addition to tests in standard laboratory waters. Based on the knowledge of the eco-toxicity of FFFs obtained through past studies using model aquatic organisms such as green paramecia (Paramecium bursaria), we conducted a study aiming to uncover the toxic mechanism of sodium alkyl sulfonates, a series of synthetic detergents known as SAS, using a strain ofP. bursariaoriginally sampled from a river, both in laboratory water and habitat river water (river water from whereP. bursariawas collected; HRW). Here, we employedP. bursariamaintained in both a natural HRW-based assay medium and an ultrapure water-based low-mineral standard culturing medium for comparing the apparent toxicity of SAS. Data strongly suggested that the toxicities of most SAS detergents (alkyl chains shorter than 9 carbons or longer than 14 carbons) are minimized in the mineral-rich HRW compared to the commonly used UPW-based low-mineral ciliateculturing conditions. The toxicity of SAS members with moderate chain lengths, such as sodium dodecan sulfonate, tended to be minimized with elevated mineral content. A similar tendency was also observed in medaka fish, a tiny model fish.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document