scholarly journals PFOS in U.S. Ambient Surface Waters: A Review of Occurrence in Aquatic Environments and Comparison to Global Concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda. L. Jarvis ◽  
James R. Justice ◽  
Michael C. Elias ◽  
Brian Schnitker ◽  
Kathryn Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Ambient Surface

scholarly journals Improved HF183 Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Characterization of Human Fecal Pollution in Ambient Surface Water Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 3086-3094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyatt C. Green ◽  
Richard A. Haugland ◽  
Manju Varma ◽  
Hana T. Millen ◽  
Mark A. Borchardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Taqman Assay ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Ambient Surface

ABSTRACTQuantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays that target the human-associated HF183 bacterial cluster within members of the genusBacteroidesare among the most widely used methods for the characterization of human fecal pollution in ambient surface waters. In this study, we show that a current TaqMan HF183 qPCR assay (HF183/BFDrev) routinely forms nonspecific amplification products and introduce a modified TaqMan assay (HF183/BacR287) that alleviates this problem. The performance of each qPCR assay was compared in head-to-head experiments investigating limits of detection, analytical precision, predicted hybridization to 16S rRNA gene sequences from a reference database, and relative marker concentrations in fecal and sewage samples. The performance of the modified HF183/BacR287 assay is equal to or improves upon that of the original HF183/BFDrev assay. In addition, a qPCR chemistry designed to combat amplification inhibition and a multiplexed internal amplification control are included. In light of the expanding use of PCR-based methods that rely on the detection of extremely low concentrations of DNA template, such as qPCR and digital PCR, the new TaqMan HF183/BacR287 assay should provide more accurate estimations of human-derived fecal contaminants in ambient surface waters.

scholarly journals Incidence of Klebsiella Species in Surface Waters and Their Expression of Virulence Factors

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 3325-3327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Podschun ◽  
S. Pietsch ◽  
C. H�ller ◽  
U. Ullmann
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Serum Resistance ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Species Being

ABSTRACT To investigate the occurrence of different Klebsiellaspp. in aquatic environments, a total of 208 samples of natural surface waters was examined. From half (53%) of these samples, 123Klebsiella strains were isolated, the most common species being Klebsiella pneumoniae. A comparison of these isolates to a group of 207 clinical K. pneumoniae isolates demonstrated that water isolates of K. pneumoniae, unlike those of K. oxytoca and K. planticola, are as capable as clinical isolates of expressing putative virulence factors such as serum resistance and capsular polysaccharides, pili, and siderophores.

scholarly journals Emergence of rare carbapenemases (FRI, GES-5, IMI, SFC, and SFH-1) in Enterobacterales isolated from surface waters in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Gomi ◽  
Yasufumi Matsumura ◽  
Michio Tanaka ◽  
Masaru Ihara ◽  
Yoshinori Sugie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Potential Reservoir

ABSTRACTObjectivesCarbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) pose serious threats to public health. Compared with clinical CPE, the genetic characteristics of environmental CPE are not well understood. This study aimed to characterize the genetic determinants of carbapenem resistance in CPE isolated from environmental waters in Japan.MethodsEighty-five water samples were collected from rivers and a lake in Japan. CPE were identified using selective media, and genome sequencing was performed for the obtained isolates (n = 21).ResultsVarious rare/novel carbapenemases were identified: GES-5 in Raoultella planticola (n = 1), FRI-8 and FRI-11 in Enterobacter spp. (n = 8), IMI-22 and IMI-23 in Serratia ureilytica (n = 3), and SFC-1, SFC-2 and SFH-1 in Serratia fonticola (n = 9). Genomes of 11 isolates could be closed, allowing the elucidation of the genetic contexts of the carbapenemase genes. The blaGES-5 gene was located within a class 1 integron, In2071 (cassette array, blaGES-5-aacA3-aadA16), on a 33 kb IncP6 plasmid. The blaFRI-8 genes were carried on IncFII(Yp) plasmids ranging in size from 191 kb to 244 kb, and the blaFRI-11 genes were carried on 70 kb and 74 kb IncFII(pECLA)/IncR plasmids. The blaIMI-22 and blaIMI-23 genes were colocated on a 107 kb plasmid. The blaSFC and blaSFH-1 genes were found on putative genomic islands inserted at tRNA-Phe genes in chromosomes.ConclusionsThis study revealed the presence of rare/novel carbapenemases among CPE in aquatic environments, suggesting that the environment may act as a potential reservoir of these minor carbapenemases.

scholarly journals Annual production to biomass (P/B) ratios of pelagic ciliates in different temperate waters

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rychert ◽  
Justyna Kozłowska ◽  
Kamila Krawiec ◽  
Natalia Czychewicz ◽  
Michalina Pączkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Bulk Data ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractIn aquatic environments, ciliates integrate the energy flowing through bacteria, smaller protozoa, and the prevailing fraction of algae and are further grazed upon by metazooplankton. Ciliates are incorporated into budgets and models describing ecosystem functioning. However, data for the parameterization and validation of models remain insufficient. In this study, annual production to biomass (P/B) ratios of pelagic ciliates were estimated in four lakes of different trophic status and at two sites located in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. All study sites were located in the temperate zone. The calculations were based on bulk data reflecting seasonal changes in ciliate production, which was estimated using an allometric equation. The annual ciliate P/B ratio for surface waters was 308 ± 81 yr

scholarly journals Recurrent micropollutant exposure leads to divergent degradation abilities and community succession in a freshwater microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Izabel-Shen ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Tingwei Luo ◽  
Jianjun Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Community Succession ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Micropollutant Removal ◽  
Deterministic Processes

The high-volume release of micropollutants into natural surface waters has raised concern due to their environmental accumulation. Persisting micropollutants can impact multiple generations of organisms via press disturbances, but their microbially-mediated degradation and the influence on community assembly remain understudied. Here, freshwater microbial communities in microcosms were treated with four common micropollutants, alone or in combination, and then transferred in stages to fresh medium containing the same level of micropollutants to mimic the recurrent exposure of microbes under environmentally relevant conditions. Our results showed that the degradation of micropollutants was closely linked to the community succession, and that recurrent exposure to micropollutants enhanced the degradation capacity. The partitioning analysis of ecological processes revealed that community assembly was dominated by stochastic processes during early exposure, via random community changes, and by deterministic processes later in the exposure. Analyzing individual taxa abundances over time revealed two distinct bacterial responses, in which a larger proportion of sensitive than tolerant taxa was present in the disturbed communities, and the abundances of the most sensitive taxa were significantly associated with micropollutant degradation. This study clearly showed that microbial communities are generally vulnerable to persisting micropollutants in aquatic environments, which has important implications for pollution management, especially regarding microbial dynamics and ecosystem functioning in micropollutant removal.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Correlation between the Use of Antibiotics in Aquaculture Systems and Their Detection in Aquatic Environments: A Case Study of the Nera River Aquafarms in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5176
Author(s):  
Marta Sargenti ◽  
Silvia Bartolacci ◽  
Aurora Luciani ◽  
Katiuscia Di Biagio ◽  
Marco Baldini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Risk Quotient ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Toxicological Risk

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) arises mostly because of the use and abuse of antibiotics in both the human and veterinary sectors. Furthermore, antibiotic residues can be discharged into the environment, promoting the spread of AMR as well as becoming a potential ecotoxicological risk. Aquaculture is one such source of environmental pollution. In the present work, we evaluated the correlation between antibiotic consumption in 11 selected aquafarms located along the Nera River, and the detection of their residues in surface water and sediment samples gathered monthly from the same stream. Antibiotic consumption was calculated using the ESVAC defined daily doses for animals (DDDvet) method, and a chemical analysis was conducted using a multiclass method. Therefore, the ecological risk of antibiotics being detected in surface waters was established based on the risk quotient (RQ). A strong positive correlation was identified between the concentrations detected in surface waters and the consumption of flumequine (r = 72%, p-value = 0.0085) and florfenicol (r = 83%, p-value = 0.0008). The RQ, however, was low for all the detected antibiotics in surface waters. Therefore, we proved that the antibiotics used in aquaculture can reach the near aquatic environment, but, in this work, they did not represent a toxicological risk to the surrounding ecosystem.

scholarly journals Effects of Exposure to Semiconductor Nanoparticles on Aquatic Organisms

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenton Leigh ◽  
Jennifer Bouldin ◽  
Roger Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Optical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Many Sources

Because of their unique physical, optical, and mechanical properties, nanomaterials hold great promise in improving on a wide variety of current technologies. Consequently, their use in research and consumer products is increasing rapidly, and contamination of the environment with various nanomaterials seems inevitable. Because surface waters receive pollutants and contaminants from many sources including nanoparticles and act as reservoirs and conduits for many environmental contaminants, understanding the potential impacts of nanoparticles on the organisms within these environments is critical to evaluating their potential toxicity. While there is much to be learned about interactions between nanomaterials and aquatic systems, there have been a number of recent reports of interactions of quantum dots (QDs) with aquatic environments and aquatic organisms. This review is focused on providing a summary of recent work investigating the impacts of quantum dots on aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals The sensory impacts of climate change: bathymetric shifts and visually mediated interactions in aquatic species

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1949) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Caves ◽  
Sönke Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Ambient Illumination ◽  
Visual Interactions ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Visual perception is, in part, a function of the ambient illumination spectrum. In aquatic environments, illumination depends upon the water's optical properties and depth, both of which can change due to anthropogenic impacts: turbidity is increasing in many aquatic habitats, and many species have shifted deeper in response to warming surface waters (known as bathymetric shifts). Although increasing turbidity and bathymetric shifts can result in similarly large changes to a species' optical environment, no studies have yet examined the impact of the latter on visually mediated interactions. Here, we examine a potential link between climate change and visual perception, with a focus on colour. We discuss (i) what is known about bathymetric shifts; (ii) how the impacts of bathymetric shifts on visual interactions may be distributed across species; (iii) which interactions might be affected; and (iv) the ways that animals have to respond to these changes. As warming continues and temperature fluctuations grow more extreme, many species may move into even deeper waters. There is thus a need for studies that examine how such shifts can affect an organism's visual world, interfere with behaviour, and impact fitness, population dynamics, and community structure.

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