Investigating the Effects of Pesticides on Echinostoma spp . Infected Ramshorn Snails ( Planorbella [Helisoma] trivolvis)

Author(s):  
Emma Svatos ◽  
Miranda Strasburg ◽  
Michelle D. Boone
Keyword(s):  
2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Nield ◽  
A. V. Kuznetsov

Helisoma trivolvis pond snail embryos are known for their rotation, which is induced by beating of cilia at the embryo's surface. A common hypothesis links this behavior to enhancing oxygen transfer to the embryo's surface. In this paper, this hypothesis is quantified, and the effect of the rotation on the supply of oxygen to an embryo, which is approximately spherical in shape, is studied. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research presenting a quantitative study on the effect of an embryo's rotation on facilitating gaseous exchange between the embryo and the environment.


1988 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID A. SMITH

Three models for radular feeding in gastropod molluscs have been proposed: (1) odontophoral licking, where the radula is fixed to, and is directed by, a dynamic cartilage; (2) rope-and-pulley rasping, where the radula is dynamic and slides over a static cartilage; and (3) moving-conveyor-belt rasping, which involves independent though concurrent movements both of the radula and of the underlying cartilage. The implications of these alternative mechanical processes with regard to machine efficiency and to feeding optimality are considered. During radular feeding, individual Helisoma trivolvis (Say) employ the model which affords optimality both of food excavation and of food transport. Results showedthat the radula of this species slides over the underlying cartilage while the cartilage independently accelerates across the substrate during each effective feeding stroke. Relative velocities (of the ribbon and of the odontophoral cartilage, VR: VO) ranged from 0.67:1 to 0.92:1 and these values were positively correlated with food availability.


1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Fried ◽  
K.Sundar Rao ◽  
Joseph Sherma

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