scholarly journals Development of an alternative test system for chronic testing of lotic macroinvertebrate species – a case study with the insecticide imidacloprid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Brüggemann ◽  
Kerstin Hund‐Rinke ◽  
Walter Böhmer ◽  
Christoph Schaefers
Keyword(s):  
Test System ◽  
Alternative Test ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Species

A Novel Integrated Reliability Test System for BEOL TDDB Study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifeng Chen ◽  
Peilin Song ◽  
Thomas M. Shaw ◽  
Franco Stellari ◽  
Lynne Gignac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Test System ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract In this paper, we propose a new methodology and test system to enable the early detection and precise localization of Time-Dependent-Dielectric-Breakdown (TDDB) occurrence in Back-End-of-Line (BEOL) interconnection. The methodology is implemented as a novel Integrated Reliability Test System (IRTS). In particular, through our methodology and test system, we can easily synchronize electrical measurements and emission microscopy images to gather more accurate information and thereby gain insight into the nature of the defects and their relationship to chip manufacturing steps and materials, so that we can ultimately better engineer these steps for higher reliable systems. The details of our IRTS will be presented along with a case study and preliminary analysis results.

An Alternative Test Using Algal Cultures for Testing Chemicals for Toxicity

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Søren Achim Nielsen ◽  
Thomas Hougaard
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Test System ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Alternative Test ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Algal Cultures ◽  
Test Cultures

An alternative test is presented, in which algal cultures are used for testing toxic substances. This test system is based on variations in the size distribution of cells in test cultures as a measurement of growth. Thus, inhibition of mitotic activity is used as a measurement for toxic effects. The test can be performed on a short time-scale and is very sensitive to even weak toxic doses.

Short-term Hydro-Thermal-Wind-Solar Power Scheduling: A Case Study of Kanyakumari Region of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunimerjit Kaur ◽  
Yadwinder Singh Brar ◽  
Jaspreet Singh Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Power System ◽  
Simplex Method ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Test System ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Thermal Wind ◽  
Power Scheduling

In this paper, a multi-objective hydro-thermal-wind-solar power scheduling problem is established and optimized for the Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu, India) for the 18th of September of 2020. Four contrary constraints are contemplated for this case study (i) fuel cost and employing cost of wind and solar power system, (ii) NOx emission, (iii) SO2 emission, and (iv) CO2 emission. An advanced hybrid simplex method named as-the -constrained simplex method (ACSM) is deployed to solve the offered problem. To formulate this technique three amendments in the usual simplex method (SM) are adopted (i) -level differentiation, (ii) mutations of the worst point, and (iii) the incorporation of multi-simplexes. The fidelity of the projected practice is trailed upon two test systems. The first test system is hinged upon twenty-four-hour power scheduling of a pure thermal power system. The values of total fuel cost and emissions (NOx, SO2, CO2) are attained as 346117.20 Rs, 59325.23 kg, 207672.70 kg, and 561369.20 kg, respectively. In the second test system, two thermal generators are reintegrated with renewable energy resources (RER) based power systems (hydro, wind, and solar system) for the same power demands. The hydro, wind, and solar data are probed with the Glimn-Kirchmayer model, Weibull Distribution Density Factor, and Normal Distribution model, respectively. For this real-time hydro-thermal-wind-solar power scheduling problem the values of fuel cost and emissions (Nox, SO2, CO2) are shortened to 119589.00 Rs, 24262.24 kg, 71753.80 kg, and 196748.20 kg, respectively for the specified interval. The outturns using ACSM are contrasted with the SM and evolutionary method (EM). The values of the operating cost of solar system, wind system, total system transmission losses, and computational time of test system-2 with ACSM, SM, and EM are evaluated as 620497.40 Rs, 1398340.00 Rs, 476.6948 MW & 15.6 seconds; 620559.45 Rs, 1398479.80 Rs, 476.7425 MW & 16.8 seconds; and 621117.68 Rs, 1399737.80 Rs, 477.1715 MW and 17.3 seconds, respectively. The solutions portray the sovereignty of ACSM over the other two methods in the entire process.

Evaluation of zebrafish larvae as alternative test system to predict hepatotoxicity

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. S235
Author(s):  
S. Verstraelen ◽  
A. Covaci ◽  
W. Maho ◽  
P. Berckmans ◽  
B. Peers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test System ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Alternative Test

Complex automatic test system refurbishment — a case study of more affordable & sustainable testing for nose radomes

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Dennis ◽  
Ron Barker ◽  
Nathon Olsen ◽  
Bryan Steadman ◽  
David Westenhaver
Keyword(s):  
Test System ◽  
Automatic Test ◽  
Automatic Test System
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