Assessment of interactive effects of elevated salinity and three pesticides on life history and behavior of southern toad (Anaxyrus terrestris ) tadpoles

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Wood ◽  
Allison M. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Anaxyrus Terrestris

Hormones and Behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Maren N. Vitousek ◽  
Laura A. Schoenle
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Behavior

Hormones mediate the expression of life history traits—phenotypic traits that contribute to lifetime fitness (i.e., reproductive timing, growth rate, number and size of offspring). The endocrine system shapes phenotype by organizing tissues during developmental periods and by activating changes in behavior, physiology, and morphology in response to varying physical and social environments. Because hormones can simultaneously regulate many traits (hormonal pleiotropy), they are important mediators of life history trade-offs among growth, reproduction, and survival. This chapter reviews the role of hormones in shaping life histories with an emphasis on developmental plasticity and reversible flexibility in endocrine and life history traits. It also discusses the advantages of studying hormone–behavior interactions from an evolutionary perspective. Recent research in evolutionary endocrinology has provided insight into the heritability of endocrine traits, how selection on hormone systems may influence the evolution of life histories, and the role of hormonal pleiotropy in driving or constraining evolution.

scholarly journals Early life history responses and phenotypic shifts in a rare endemic plant responding to climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E Winkler ◽  
Michelle Yu-Chan Lin ◽  
José Delgadillo ◽  
Kenneth J Chapin ◽  
Travis E Huxman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Cushion Plant ◽  
Rare Endemic

We studied how a rare, endemic alpine cushion plant responds to the interactive effects of warming and drought. Overall, we found that both drought and warming negatively influenced the species growth but that existing levels of phenotypic variation may be enough to at least temporarily buffer populations.

Life History and Behavior of the Bramble Leafhopper, Ribautiana tenerrima (H.-S.) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Raine
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Lower Fraser Valley ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fraser Valley

Since 1947, when the bramble leafhopper, Ribautiana tenerrima (H.-S.) (rubi Hardy, misella 13011.), was first reported in North America near Victoria, B.C., it has become a serious pest in cane fruit plantings on southern Vancouver Island and the lower Fraser Valley. Hoth nymphs and adults suck the sap from the leaves, producing a white stippling on the upper surfaces (Fig. 1). In a dry season a severe infestation causes many leaves to become curled and appear burned. The canes lack vigor and the size of the fruit is reduced. This is a report on a study of the life history and behavior of the species conducted at Victoria from 1953 to 1957.

The Fisher, Life History, Ecology and Behavior

10.2307/4682 ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
H. N. Southern ◽  
R. A. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Absence of strong heterosis for life span and other life history traits in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
T E Johnson ◽  
E W Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Type Strains

Abstract We have examined crosses between wild-type strains of Caenorhabditis elegans for heterosis effects on life span and other life history traits. Hermaphrodites of all wild strains had similar life expectancies but males of two strains had shorter life spans than hermaphrodites while males of two other strains lived longer than hermaphrodites. F1 hermaphrodite progeny showed no heterosis while some heterosis for longer life span was detected in F1 males. F1 hybrids of crosses between two widely studied wild-type strains, N2 (var. Bristol) and Berg BO (var. Bergerac), were examined for rate of development, hermaphrodite fertility, and behavior; there was no heterosis for these life history traits. Both controlled variation of temperature and uncontrolled environmental variation affected the length of life of all genotypes. Significant G x E effects on life span were observed in comparisons of N2 and Berg BO hermaphrodites, or N2 hermaphrodites and males, or N2 and a Ts mutant strain (DH26). Nevertheless, within an experiment, environmental variation was minimal and life spans were quite replicable.

scholarly journals Life-history trade-offs and limitations associated with phenotypic adaptation under future ocean warming and elevated salinity

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1768) ◽  
pp. 20180428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Jarrold ◽  
Leela J. Chakravarti ◽  
Emma M. Gibbin ◽  
Felix Christen ◽  
Gloria Massamba-N'Siala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Marine Polychaete ◽  
Ocean Conditions

Little is known about the life-history trade-offs and limitations, and the physiological mechanisms that are associated with phenotypic adaptation to future ocean conditions. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the within- and trans-generation life-history responses and aerobic capacity of a marine polychaete, Ophryotrocha labronica, to elevated temperature and elevated temperature combined with elevated salinity for its entire lifespan. In addition, transplants between treatments were carried out at both the egg mass and juvenile stage to identify the potential influence of developmental effects. Within-generation, life-history trade-offs caused by the timing of transplant were only detected under elevated temperature combined with elevated salinity conditions. Polychaetes transplanted at the egg mass stage grew slower and had lower activities of energy metabolism enzymes but reached a larger maximum body size and lived longer when compared with those transplanted as juveniles. Trans-generation exposure to both elevated temperature and elevated temperature and salinity conditions restored 20 and 21% of lifespan fecundity, respectively. Trans-generation exposure to elevated temperature conditions also resulted in a trade-off between juvenile growth rates and lifespan fecundity, with slower growers showing greater fecundity. Overall, our results suggest that future ocean conditions may select for slower growers. Furthermore, our results indicate that life-history trade-offs and limitations will be more prevalent with the shift of multiple global change drivers, and thus there will be greater constraints on adaptive potential. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change’.

Brother or Burden: An Experiment on Reducing Prejudice Toward Syrian Refugees in Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egor Lazarev ◽  
Kunaal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Citizens Attitudes

Can emphasis on shared religion reduce out-group prejudice? To explore this question, we conducted a survey experiment on the effect of religious primes on Turkish citizens’ attitudes and behavior toward Syrian refugees in Istanbul and Gaziantep. We used a factorial design to compare the independent and interactive effects of primes emphasizing refugees’ Sunni or Muslim identity and a factual statement on the economic cost of the refugees. We find that religious primes increase respondents’ level of donations to a charity supporting Syrian refugees and certain attitudinal measures of support for the refugees. We also uncovered a differential impact among the Sunni and Muslim primes and found that the statement of economic cost removed the pro-refugee effect of religious primes.

scholarly journals Non-target impacts of soybean insecticidal seed treatments on the life history and behavior of Podisus nigrispinus, a predator of fall armyworm

Chemosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo C. Gontijo ◽  
Dyrson O. Abbade Neto ◽  
Rodrigo L. Oliveira ◽  
J.P. Michaud ◽  
Geraldo A. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
And Behavior
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