Effects of copper exposure on hatching success and early larval survival in marbled salamanders,Ambystoma opacum

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1631-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana L. Soteropoulos ◽  
Stacey L. Lance ◽  
R. Wesley Flynn ◽  
David E. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Copper Exposure ◽  
Ambystoma Opacum

scholarly journals Effects of long-term exposure to ocean acidification conditions on future southern Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) fisheries management

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 849-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
André E. Punt ◽  
Robert J. Foy ◽  
Michael G. Dalton ◽  
W. Christopher Long ◽  
Katherine M. Swiney
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Juvenile Survival ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Tanner Crab ◽  
Larval Hatching ◽  
Chionoecetes Bairdi

Abstract Demographic models of pre- and post-recruitment population dynamics were developed to account for the effects of ocean acidification on biological parameters that affect southern Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) larval hatching success and larval and juvenile survival. Projections of stock biomass based on these linked models were used to calculate biological and economic reference points on which fisheries management advice is based and thus provide fisheries managers with strategic advice on the likely long-term consequences of ocean acidification. The models utilized information for southern Tanner crab in the eastern Bering Sea. This information included the monitoring data on which conventional size-structured stock assessments are based, as well as the functional relationships that determine survival based on experiments that evaluated the consequences of ocean acidification over the next 100–200 years on crab larval hatching success, larval survival, and the survival of juvenile crab. The results highlighted that juvenile survival had the largest effect (∼20% decrease over 75 years) on biological and economic reference points, while hatching success, particularly if density dependence occurs after hatching, and larval survival have smaller effects (<10% decrease). Catch and profits would be expected to decrease by >50% in 20 years if natural mortality is affected by ocean acidification. Additional laboratory data on oocyte and embryo development leads to large changes in biological reference points depending on the timing of ocean acidification effects relative to natural mortality. The results highlight the need for experiments to evaluate the longer term physiological effects of ocean acidification on multiple life history stages and to measure indices that directly inform population dynamics models to evaluate future management scenarios.

The effects of sunfish on spotted salamander oviposition, hatching time, and larval survival

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon M. Davenport ◽  
Maria E. Hampson ◽  
Alexis B. King ◽  
Stephanie C. Bishir
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Introduced Fish ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fish Introductions ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments

Introduced species have negative effects on amphibian populations by reducing local recruitment and consuming larvae before metamorphosis. Fish can naturally colonize ponds periodically because of flooding and connectivity with river floodplains. However, many fish introductions have been intentional for commercial, recreational, and biocontrol purposes. In southeast Missouri (USA), Ambystoma maculatum will attempt to breed in ponds even if introduced fish (Lepomis spp.) are present. We predicted that fish would have negative effects on salamander oviposition, hatching success and timing, and larval survival. In order to evaluate the effects of introduced fish on A. maculatum across life stages, we conducted pond surveys and a series of mesocosm experiments. Using field surveys, A. maculatum deposited significantly fewer eggs in ponds with fish. In short-term mesocosm experiments, we found that hatching time was not significantly affected by deposition site or fish cues, however, hatching success was lower for eggs deposited in fish ponds. No A. maculatum larvae survived when fish were present, regardless of egg deposition site. Our study is important because we found that, unless a female avoids depositing eggs with fish, one fish species can have profound effects on larval amphibian persistence. Therefore, small-scale fish introductions for recreation can act as a potential source for reduced recruitment and an increased risk of local extinction.

scholarly journals Chemical degumming increases larvae size and facilitates the commercial production of Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) eggs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Pooley ◽  
Mia Berwick ◽  
Carlos Garcia de Leaniz
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cyclopterus Lumpus ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractMany fishes produce adhesive eggs that confer protection from currents and predators in the wild, but that are more difficult to disinfect and aerate under aquaculture conditions. Removing egg adhesiveness (‘degumming’) has proved beneficial in the culture of many fish, and a recent gap analysis identified this as a potential way of increasing hatching success and minimize the risk of infectious diseases in the culture of lumpfish (Cyclopteurs lumpus), a novel species to aquaculture. We tested the efficacy of the enzyme alcalase (0.02%, 0.2%, 2%) as a degumming agent for lumpfish eggs, and examined its effects on hatching success, survival, and larvae size under laboratory and commercial conditions. A five-minute exposure to 0.2% and 2% alcalase decreased chorion thickness by 14% and resulted in 61-75% degumming rates, without any negative effects on hatching rate, larval survival, or incidence of embryo malformations. Degummed eggs hatched earlier than controls and resulted in larger larvae, which may confer some benefits under aquaculture conditions. A cost-benefit analysis indicates that the benefits of egg degumming compensate the costs of chemical treatment under most conditions, and that the optimal alcalase concentration is around 0.2%. We therefore recommend egg degumming as a way of making the lumpfish industry more efficient and sustainable.Statement of relevanceImproving the commercial production of lumpfish

Hatching success and larval survival of the frogs Hyla regilla and Rana aurora under ambient and artificially enhanced solar ultraviolet radiation

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1081-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiina Ovaska ◽  
Theodore M. Davis ◽  
Iñigo Novales Flamarique
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Hyla Regilla ◽  
Rana Aurora ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
And Control ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

The aquatic stages of amphibians may be sensitive to increased levels of solar ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B, 280–320 nm) that have been observed at higher latitudes over the past several decades, but the effects on most species are unknown. We exposed eggs and larvae of Hyla regilla and Rana aurora to three experimental treatments: (1) solar UV < 450 nm blocked (control), (2) ambient solar UV, and (3) solar UV-B enhanced 15 and 30% above ambient levels at midday to simulate conditions predicted for the next decades at midlatitudes. The rearing containers were covered with acrylic filters to provide the desired radiation regimes. Hatching success of H. regilla did not differ among the treatments and was 87.7, 71.8, and 87.1% in April 1995 and 94.0, 85.1, and 97.4% in May 1995 for the control, ambient, and enhanced UV-B treatments, respectively. In contrast, hatching success of R. aurora in the enhanced UV-B treatment (56.0%) was lower than in the ambient UV (89.8%) and control (81.0%) treatments. Larval survival over the first 2 months of development was reduced to 18.4% for H. regilla and 2.6% for R. aurora in the enhanced UV-B treatment compared with the ambient UV and control treatments. We conclude that ambient UV levels at the study site did not affect the embryonic or early larval survival of either of the species tested under the experimental conditions, but both species are potentially vulnerable to increases in solar UV-B.

Effects of elevated hydrogen ion and aluminum concentrations on the survival of amphibian embryos and larvae

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Clark ◽  
Ronald J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Chemical Variable

Egg hatching success was measured for three amphibian species (Bufo americanus, Rana sylvatica, and Ambystoma maculatum) exposed to varying hydrogen ion, aluminum, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. In the first experiment, hatching success in six stream pools was negatively correlated with Al and DOC and positively correlated with pH. Effects of any one chemical variable, however, could not be separated from the others. In a second experiment, to separate effects of pH and Al from DOC, eggs and larvae were exposed to simulated stream pools in which pH was reduced. At pH 4.8 and 37 μg/L inorganic monomeric Al, only eggs of A. maculatum were affected. At pH 4.3, 46 μg/L inorganic monomeric Al was more toxic (compared with 34–35 μg/L at pH 4.8 and 4.3) to B. americanus and R. sylvatica embryos. Bufo americanus was more sensitive to low pH and elevated Al than R. sylvatica. Mortality of eggs of both species mainly occurred within 1 day of exposure but continued until hatching. Mortality of A. maculatum eggs, however, did not occur during the 4 days of acidification, but 2–3 weeks later, at the time of hatching. Larval survival in general was not affected by reduced pH (pH 4.3) and (or) elevated Al (up to 46 μg/L inorganic monomeric Al).

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