scholarly journals The role of antecedent groundwater heads in controlling transient aquifer storage and flood peak attenuation in karst watersheds

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Spellman ◽  
Jason Gulley ◽  
Jonathan B. Martin ◽  
Jeremy Loucks
Keyword(s):  
Flood Peak ◽  
Aquifer Storage ◽  
Flood Peak Attenuation

scholarly journals The Role of Attenuation and Land Management in Small Catchments to Remove Sediment and Phosphorus: A Modelling Study of Mitigation Options and Impacts

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Adams ◽  
Paul Quinn ◽  
Nick Barber ◽  
Sim Reaney
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Actual Type ◽  
Flood Flows ◽  
Small Catchments ◽  
Catchment Runoff

It is well known that soil, hillslopes, and watercourses in small catchments possess a degree of natural attenuation that affects both the shape of the outlet hydrograph and the transport of nutrients and sediments. The widespread adoption of Natural Based Solutions (NBS) practices in the headwaters of these catchments is expected to add additional attenuation primarily through increasing the amount of new storage available to accommodate flood flows. The actual type of NBS features used to add storage could include swales, ditches, and small ponds (acting as sediment traps). Here, recent data collected from monitored features (from the Demonstration Test Catchments project in the Newby Beck catchment (Eden) in northwest England) were used to provide first estimates of the percentages of the suspended sediment (SS) and total phosphorus (TP) loads that could be trapped by additional features. The Catchment Runoff Attenuation Flux Tool (CRAFT) was then used to model this catchment (Newby Beck) to investigate whether adding additional attenuation, along with the ability to trap and retain SS (and attached P), will have any effect on the flood peak and associated peak concentrations of SS and TP. The modelling tested the hypothesis that increasing the amount of new storage (thus adding attenuation capacity) in the catchment will have a beneficial effect. The model results implied that a small decrease of the order of 5–10% in the peak concentrations of SS and TP was observable after adding 2000 m3 to 8000 m3 of additional storage to the catchment.

Flood Peak Attenuation and Forecast

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Singh ◽  
J. Z. Li ◽  
G.-T. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flood Peak ◽  
Flood Peak Attenuation

Role of aquifer storage in water reuse

Desalination ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dillon ◽  
Paul Pavelic ◽  
Simon Toze ◽  
Stephanie Rinck-Pfeiffer ◽  
Russell Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Aquifer Storage

Tropical cyclone flooding in the Carolinas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maofeng Liu ◽  
James A. Smith ◽  
Long Yang ◽  
Gabriel A. Vecchi
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Orographic Enhancement ◽  
Flood Peaks

Abstract The climatology of tropical cyclone flooding in the Carolinas is analyzed through annual flood peak observations from 411 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gaging stations. Tropical cyclones (TCs) account for 28% of the top ten annual flood peaks, 55% of record floods, and 91% of floods with peak magnitudes at least five times greater than the 10-year floods, highlighting the prominent role of TCs for flood extremes in the Carolinas. Of all TC-related flood events, the top ten storms account for nearly 1/3 of annual flood peaks and more than 2/3 of record floods, reflecting the dominant role of a small number of storms in determining the upper tail of flood peak distributions. Analyses of the ten storms highlight both common elements and diversity in storm properties that are responsible for flood peaks. Extratropical transition and orographic enhancement are important elements of extreme TC flooding in the Carolinas. Analyses of the Great Flood of 1916 highlight the flood peak of 3115 m3 s−1 in French Broad River at Asheville, 2.6 times greater than the second-largest peak from a record of 124 years. We also examine the hydroclimatology, hydrometeorology and hydrology of flooding from Hurricanes Matthew (2016) and Florence (2018). Results point to contrasting storm properties for the two events, including tracks as well as rainfall distribution and associated physical mechanisms. Climatological analyses of vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) highlight the critical role of anomalous moisture transport from the Atlantic Ocean in producing extreme rainfall and flooding over the Carolinas.

scholarly journals August 2002 Flood in the Czech Republic: Meteorological Causes and Hydrological Response

Geografie ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Jan Daňhelka
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Very High

The paper describes synoptic situations that resulted in heavy precipitation over the SW Bohemia in August 2002. Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and its effect on the flood development is explained. Flood peak flows return period reached very high values in the Vltava River catchment and couldn't be largely affected by reservoirs within the catchment. Nevertheless the role of Vltava River Dam Cascade is mentioned as well as the flood forecasting during the flood. We show also some similarities and differences between 2002 and some historical flood.

scholarly journals What were the main sources of sediment and associated radiocesium transported during the heavy 2019 typhoons in rivers draining the main Fukushima radioactive plume, Japan ?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Evrard ◽  
Roxanne Durand ◽  
Atsushi Nakao ◽  
J. Patrick Laceby ◽  
Irène Lefèvre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Fukushima Nuclear Accident ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Sediment Deposits ◽  
Source Contributions ◽  
Subsurface Material ◽  
The Impact

<p>The Fukushima nuclear accident released large quantities of radionuclides into the environment in March 2011 and generated a 3000-km² plume of soils heavily contaminated with Cs-137. Soil erosion in the region mainly takes place during typhoons generally occurring between July and October (Laceby et al., 2016). During these events, rivers draining the main plume may transport large quantities of sediment and radiocesium. Typhoon Hagibis that occurred in October 2019 was the most intense rainfall event affecting the Fukushima region (rainfall range: 77–558 mm) since the nuclear accident in 2011. It led to extensive landsliding and river overflow.</p><p>The impact of this event on sediment sources and Cs-137 contamination was quantified through the implementation of sediment fingerprinting using geochemistry and spectrocolorimetry as potential input properties. The signature of potential source material (including cropland prepared for recultivation after decontamination, forests and subsurface material originating from landslides and channel bank collapse; n=57) was compared with that of sediment deposits collected in the Mano and Niida River catchments late in October 2019. Results show that cropland supplied the main source of sediment (average: 54%) along with forests (41%). In contrast, the contribution of subsurface material (5%) was much lower, likely because landslides and channel bank erosion mainly took place after the flood peak (Evrard et al., 2020). However, this material that deposited at the foot of hillslopes after the typhoon may be mobilized and delivered to the river network by subsequent rainfall events.</p><p>Overall, this flood did not modify the decreasing trend observed in terms of Cs-137 contamination in sediment transiting these rivers between 2011 and 2019. Concentrations in Cs-137 observed in sediment collected in 2019 were on average 84–93% lower than those measured after the accident in 2011. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of decontamination conducted on agricultural and residential soils in the region (Evrard et al., 2019), although the role of forests – that have not been remediated – as a perennial source of sediment and radiocesium in the region remains to be investigated over the longer term.</p><p>References</p><p>Evrard, O., Durand, R., Nakao, A., Patrick Laceby, J., Lefèvre, I., Wakiyama, Y., Hayashi, S., Asanuma-Brice, C. and Cerdan, O., 2020. Impact of the 2019 typhoons on sediment source contributions and radiocesium concentrations in rivers draining the Fukushima radioactive plume, Japan. Comptes Rendus Géoscience, 352(3): 199-211.</p><p>Evrard, O., Laceby, J.P. and Nakao, A., 2019. Effectiveness of landscape decontamination following the Fukushima nuclear accident: a review. SOIL, 5(2): 333-350.</p><p>Laceby, J.P., Chartin, C., Evrard, O., Onda, Y., Garcia-Sanchez, L. and Cerdan, O., 2016. Rainfall erosivity in catchments contaminated with fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 20(6): 2467-2482.</p><p> </p>

Controls of flash flood peak discharge in Mediterranean basins and the special role of runoff-contributing areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 565 ◽  
pp. 846-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Rinat ◽  
Francesco Marra ◽  
Davide Zoccatelli ◽  
Efrat Morin
Keyword(s):  
Flash Flood ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Flood Peak
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