Parametric studies on the storage stability and aging effect of biodiesel treated with Eucalyptus oil as a cost‐effective green‐antioxidant additive

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (14) ◽  
pp. 11711-11724
Author(s):  
K. V. Yatish ◽  
H. S. Lalithamba ◽  
M. Sakar ◽  
Geetha R. Balakrishna ◽  
B. R. Omkaresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Stability ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antioxidant Additive ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil ◽  
Parametric Studies

scholarly journals Greener Solution to Waste Corn Stalks and Shortage of Asphalt Resource: Hydrochar Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Novel Performance Enhancer for Asphalt Binder

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Wu ◽  
Chichun Hu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Direct Combustion ◽  
Aging Property

Utilization of waste corn stalks (CS) has seized extensive attention due to high annual output and hazardous impact of piling aside or direct combustion on environment. However, previously there has been a lot of emphasis on improvement of its energy efficiency as solid fuel while limited investigations are available which explore the possibility of applying corn stalks as performance enhancer in asphalt binder. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of employing hydrochar as modifiers in asphalt binder by a series of experimental tests. In this study, two hydrochar were produced from corn stalks by a novel process called hydrothermal carbonization at a different reaction temperature. The two hydrochar and their responding hydrochar-modified asphalt (HCMA) were tested by chemical and rheological tests. Chemical analysis detected the interaction between hydrochar and binder factions, resulting in poor compatibility but satisfying anti-aging property. Even though hydrochar increased the viscosity of bitumen, implying worse workability, and caused poor storage stability, ameliorated performance of asphalt binder at high temperature by incorporating hydrochar was verified by various criteria such as higher performance grade (PG) failure temperature and lower non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr). Moreover, higher reaction temperature makes hydrochar’s particles smaller and more homogeneous, which results in slightly lower enhanced high temperature performance, more satisfying workability, better storage stability, and greater anti-aging effect of hydrochar-modified asphalt. Eventually, this study provided a promising win-win solution to environment problems concerning corn stalk treatment and shortage of asphalt binder. Further exploration of methods to improve HCMA’s storage stability, real-scale corroboration on trial section and life cycle assessment of asphalt pavement containing hydrochar modifiers will be followed in the future.

scholarly journals Development of Nonlinear Finite Element Models of Mortar-Free Interlocked Single Block Column Subjected to Lateral Loading

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furqan Qamar ◽  
Shunde Qin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element ◽  
World Population ◽  
Bond Failure ◽  
Lateral Resistance ◽  
Lateral Strength ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Single Block

AbstractAround the globe, the need for additional housing, due to the increase in world population, has led to the exploration of more cost effective and environmentally friendly forms of construction. Out of many technologies found, mortar-free interlocked masonry systems were developed to eliminate the deficiency of traditional masonry. For such systems against earthquakes, lateral resistance can be enhanced with plaster. But there is a need to further improve the performance of plaster in mortar-free interlocking walls for better ductility. The objective of this study is to develop nonlinear finite element (NLFE) models to explore the likely failure mechanism (e.g. bond failure) of such systems and to do parametric studies more cheaply than constructing many walls. Lateral failure load, load–displacement curves and crack patterns were compared with the experimental results. Parametric studies involving variation in block and plaster compressive strength and plaster thickness were undertaken using TNO DIANA NLFE models. A 150% increase in thickness of plaster only resulted in 28% increase in failure load, and column thickness can be reduced to theoretical 25 mm of blocks with 8 mm of plaster and yet exceed the lateral strength of a 150-mm-thick unplastered column. A cost analysis was also carried out, based on NLFE models, and showed that fibrous plastered column with 25-mm-thickness blocks gave equivalent performance to the 150-mm-thick unplastered column with 67% cost saving.

Optimising Foundation Skirt Geometries for Reliable Foundation Capacity and Installation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Bransby ◽  
D. O’Driscoll ◽  
H. Zhu ◽  
M. F. Randolph ◽  
T. Drummen
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Self ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Foundation Type ◽  
Fabrication Costs ◽  
Installation Time

Increasing numbers of subsea structures related to wells and pipelines are being placed on the seabed as part of typical subsea or tie-back developments. Given the proliferation of these structures and the marginal cost of offshore developments, controlling installation and fabrication costs for subsea structures can be key to project viability. Skirted mudmats are often the most cost-effective foundation type, and particular additional design focuses on optimising their cost by minimising foundation weight and installation time. Subsea foundations must be designed to withstand all applied loads during their design life (e.g. during set-down, tie-in, hydrotest, operation etc.) with suitable reliability. Using skirts, peripheral or internal, to improve the sliding resistance is an efficient solution provided the self-weight of the subsea structure on set-down is sufficiently large to ensure installation of the skirts (even for the strongest likely seabed conditions), but can lead to significant cost increases if additional ballast is required to ensure this. The paper examines how foundation skirt geometries can be optimised in order to provide sufficient foundation in-place capacity whilst minimising the amount of self-weight required for their installation. Parametric studies are presented that show how the sliding capacity of individual skirts is affected by the weight of the structure, and also the spacing and position within the foundation plan.

Characterization and effect of Moringa Oleifera Lam. antioxidant additive on the storage stability of Jatropha biodiesel

Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 118614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagarajan Jeyakumar ◽  
Bose Narayanasamy ◽  
Dhinesh Balasubramanian ◽  
Karthickeyan Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Antioxidant Additive ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Integration of NuScale SMR With Desalination Technologies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Ingersoll ◽  
Z. J. Houghton ◽  
R. Bromm ◽  
C. Desportes
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Electrical Grids ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
New Generation

Nuclear energy plants are attractive energy source for large scale water desalination since the thermal energy produced in a nuclear reactor can provide both electricity and steam to desalt water without the production of greenhouse gases. A particularly attractive option is to couple a desalination plant with the new generation of nuclear plant designs: small modular reactors (SMR). This allows regions with smaller electrical grids and limited infrastructure to add new electrical and water capacity in more appropriate increments and allows countries to consider siting plants at a broader range of distributed locations. The NuScale SMR plant design is especially well suited for the co-generation of electricity and desalted water. The enhanced safety, improved affordability, and deployment flexibilities of the NuScale design provide a cost-effective approach to expanding global desalination capacity. Parametric studies have been performed to evaluate technical options for coupling a NuScale plant to a variety of different desalination technologies. An economic comparison of these options was performed for each of the different desalination technologies coupled to an appropriately sized NuScale plant capable of providing sufficient carbon-free electricity and clean water to support a city of 300,000 people.

scholarly journals Development of a Negligible Zero-Drift NDIR Analyzer for Measuring NH3 Emitted from an Urban Household Solid Waste Incinerator

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 858
Author(s):  
Trieu-Vuong Dinh ◽  
In-Young Choi ◽  
Byeong-Gyu Park ◽  
Jee-Hyun Lee ◽  
In-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Zero Drift ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Infrared Intensity ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Solid Waste Incinerator ◽  
Significant Interference

An analyzer for measuring NH3 emitted from a combustion process has been developed based on a simple non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) technique because of its cost-effective benefit. The weakness of the NDIR analyzer due to interference and zero-drift has been overcome. A least-interfering bandpass filter (BPF) was found and manufactured to compensate for the interfering effects of gases emitted from a combustion process (e.g., CO, NOx, SO2, CO2, H2O, HCl, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and toluene). It was found that there was no significant interference in the least-interfering BPF with respect to gases of concern. Measurement errors by the analyzer were less than 2.5% in a range of 1 to 10 ppmv of NH3 compared to a standard method when the compound was measured in complicated mixing gases. For the zero-drift, using BPFs with identical center wavelength with respect to different incident infrared intensity was found to help minimize the zero-drift of the NDIR analyzer. As a result, the analyzer could cut approximately 19% of zero-drift caused by the aging effect of both IR source and detector. It suggests that the analyzer could be applied for measuring NH3 emitted from combustion processes with good accuracy and reproducibility.

Development of Fatigue Resistant Heavy Wall Riser Connectors for Deepwater HPHT Dry Tree Riser Systems

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ce´line Sches ◽  
Roy Shilling ◽  
Steve Shademan ◽  
Jacky Massaglia ◽  
Mike Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Technical Solutions

BP is currently looking at the next generation of dry tree development projects in the US Gulf of Mexico (GOM) deepwater operating region. Some HPHT wells call for the design of 15 ksi or greater riser systems with sour service requirements. Over the last 10 years, NACE compliant high strength steels (HSS) together with fatigue resistant threaded and coupled connectors have proved to be reliable technical solutions top tensioned riser (TTR). Today their light weight and increased performance capabilities enable cost effective dry tree systems for water depths up to 10,000 feet. In the frame of BP xHPHT development projects, the design and qualification of Heavy Wall Threaded and Coupled (T&C) riser connectors for TTR applications was launched. Comprehensive development programs were built, involving numerous design variations, Finite Element Analysis evaluation and optimization — including parametric studies —, followed by intensive full scale static and fatigue testing campaigns. Those developments benefited from the design and field running experience accumulated with previous TTR projects, where innovative fatigue enhancement techniques and premium fatigue compliant sealing devices were engineered. In addition, combined static, dynamic and corrosion testing of base material is being conducted to assess and qualify the fatigue resistance of HSS up to 140 ksi under those conditions. This paper will present results and conclusions from these developments and will report the performance levels reached by Heavy Wall High Pressure T&C riser connectors and the associated high strength base material. Forward work plans on riser connectors for xHPHT, SCR and flowlines will also be discussed.

Probability of User Fit for Spatially Optimized Products

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Garneau ◽  
Matthew Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
Target User ◽  
Parametric Studies

This study offers a new method for understanding the likelihood of acceptable fit for users of adjustable products and environments and is a useful tool for aiding the designer in making decisions about problems involving human variability. Accommodation, which describes the ability of a user to interact with a device or environment in a preferred way, is a key product performance metric. Methods that offer a better understanding of accommodation of broad user populations would allow for the design of products that are more cost-effective, safer, and/or lead to greater levels of customer satisfaction. This work uses parametric studies to explore the characteristics of a target user population and the probability of accommodating individuals of a given body size. Performance regions are identified in both the problem’s design space (the product dimensions under consideration) and the anthropometry space of the target population (the relevant body dimensions of product users). The existence of probability contours is a result of outcome uncertainty due to anthropometry-independent user preference, and the analysis is achieved by assessing binary accommodation of individuals using a “virtual fit” method with many iterations. Two case studies, one univariate and one bivariate in both performance and anthropometry spaces, are presented. An important outcome of the decision making framework described in this work is the ability to intuitively gauge who in the population of target users will be disaccommodated by a design and how to improve overall accommodation.

Effect of Polyester Mooring Stiffness on SCR Design for Semi Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peimin Cao ◽  
Hugh Thompson ◽  
Tom Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fatigue Analysis ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Stiffness Model ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Effective Choice ◽  
Riser Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Motion Analysis

Polyester rope mooring system has been widely accepted as a reliable and cost effective choice for deepwater mobile offshore drilling and floating production units in recent years. Polyester rope is made of a visco-elastic material and its stiffness is affected by mean tension, tension amplitude, loading period, and loading history. This creates complexity and uncertainty in the design of hull, mooring and riser systems. This paper summarizes the results of a JIP study investigating the effect of polyester rope stiffness on the SCR design of a semi-submersible FPU at two water depths in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). A two-slope static-dynamic stiffness model proposed in the recently issued ABS “Guidance Notes on The Application of Fiber Rope for Offshore Mooring”[1] is used in the global motion analysis to provide input for the riser analysis. Parametric studies of SCR extreme analysis, wave fatigue analysis, and VIM fatigue analysis have been performed. Based on the results, recommendations on the impact of rope stiffness to the riser design are presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document