Chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchange test results with 42 chemicals

1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (S18) ◽  
pp. 55-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Anderson ◽  
E. Zeiger ◽  
M. D. Shelby ◽  
M. A. Resnick ◽  
D. K. Gulati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchange ◽  
Test Results

In Vitro Genotoxicity and Molecular Docking Study of Ellagic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1072-1082
Author(s):  
Tuba C. Dördü ◽  
Rüştü Hatipoğlu ◽  
Mehmet Topaktaş ◽  
Erman S. İstifli
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Human Lymphocyte ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchange ◽  
Nuclear Division

Background: Ellagic Acid (EA) is a polyphenolic compound that is classified in the natural antioxidants group. Polyphenolic compounds that exert antioxidant activity possess particular importance for scientists, food producers and consumers due to their positive effects on human health. However, despite considerable evidence that EA shows antigenotoxic activity by binding to DNA, there is no systematic genotoxicity study of this substance, which can covalently bind to DNA. This study aims to reveal the possible genotoxic activity of EA using widely accepted assays for the assessment of DNA clastogenic activity: sister chromatid exchange, chromosome aberration, micronucleus and comet assays as well as to predict the interactions among EA and DNA through molecular docking. Methods: Different assays were carried out to identify the clastogenic activity of EA on human lymphocyte DNA using Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE), Chromosome Aberration (CA), Micronucleus (MN) and single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE/comet) assays. For this aim, human peripheral blood lymphocytes were treated with EA (60, 80 and 100 μg/ml) for 24 and 48 hrs in the SCE, CA and MN assays and for 1 hr in the comet assay. Furthermore, molecular docking experiments were also performed to calculate the binding energy of EA on human B-DNA structure (B-DNA dodecamer) as well as to predict noncovalent interactions among these macromolecules. Results: At the concentrations and treatment times (24- or 48-hr) tested, EA did not induce either SCE or Chromosome Aberrations (CAs) as compared to the negative and solvent controls. Although EA slightly increased the percentage of Micronucleated Binuclear (%MNBN) cells as well as the percentage of Micronucleus (%MN) in 24 or 48-hr treatment periods at all concentrations, this increase was not statistically significant as compared to both controls. The effect of EA on DNA replication (nuclear division) was determined by the Proliferation Index (PI), the Nuclear Division Index (NDI) and the Mitotic Index (MI). No statistically significant differences were observed in the PI or NDI in 24- or 48-hr treatment periods in human lymphocyte cultures treated with EA at various concentrations. EA generally had no significant effect on the MI, as observed with the PI and NDI. Discussion: Although the concentrations of 60 and 80 μg/mL at a 24-hr treatment period and the concentrations of 60 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL at 48-hr treatment period generally decreased the MI, those decreases were not statistically significant when compared to negative and solvent controls. Moreover, none of the concentrations of EA tested in this study were able to increase DNA damage determined by the tail DNA length, %DNA in tail and tail moment parameters in the comet assay. Although the amount of DNA damage in the comet assay decreased with increasing concentrations of EA, this decrease was not statistically significant as compared to both controls. However, molecular docking experiments interestingly showed that the binding free energy of EA with B-DNA was -7.84 kcal/mol-1, indicating a strong interaction between the two molecules. Conclusion : Although the findings of our study show that EA does not have genotoxic potential in human chromosomes, molecular docking experiments revealed strong hydrogen bonding between EA and B-DNA molecules. Therefore, it has been proposed that the prevailing information suggesting that the molecules that bind to DNA cause genotoxic effects should be reconsidered from a wider perspective.

Spontaneous sister chromatid exchange in mitotic chromosomes of the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kuchta-Gładysz ◽  
Ewa Wójcik ◽  
Olga Szeleszczuk ◽  
Piotr Niedbała ◽  
Kaja Tyblewska
Keyword(s):  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchange ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Kuchta-Gładysz, M., Wójcik, E., Szeleszczuk, O., Niedbała, P. and Tyblewska, K. 2015. Spontaneous sister chromatid exchange in mitotic chromosomes of the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 543–550. The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test is a cytogenetic tool with applications as a short-term screen. It is used to assess the influence of physical and chemical factors with potential mutagenic and genotoxic properties on the animal organism. The test results make it possible to eliminate mutagens, as well as helping to predict possible genetic consequences in animal cells and assess animal resistance. The mitotic chromosomes were obtained from an in vitro culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes with added bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), at five different concentrations: 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 µg mL−1. The chromosomes were stained according to the FPG method. Our analyses revealed the spontaneous SCE level in the chinchilla at the concentration of 0.5 µg mL−1. Higher concentrations of this substance have a genotoxic effect and cause damage to the DNA structure of the chromosomes by inducing additional SCEs in the chromosomes of this species. The mean SCE/cell incidence in the chinchilla population was 4.34±1.28. We investigated the effects of age on the incidence of SCE and found it significantly affected this phenomenon in both sexes.

Sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberration rates in a group of psoriatics before and after a course of PUVA treatment

1980 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. W. FAED ◽  
L. WILLIAMSON ◽  
S. PETERSON ◽  
T. LAKSHMIPATHI ◽  
B. E. JOHNSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchange ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Puva Treatment

Sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberration analyses in mice after in vivo exposure to acrylonitrile, styrene, or butadiene monoxide

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sharief ◽  
A. M. Brown ◽  
L. C. Backer ◽  
J. A. Campbell ◽  
B. Westbrook-Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchange
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