HIV-related stigma in social interactions: Approach and avoidance behaviour in a virtual environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henna L. Toppenberg ◽  
Arjan E. R. Bos ◽  
Robert A. C. Ruiter ◽  
Daniël H. J. Wigboldus ◽  
John B. Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Related Stigma

Reacting to Autistic Children: The Danger of Trying Too Hard

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 526-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Richer ◽  
Barry Richards
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Natural Response

SummaryRecent work has revealed that autistic children's predominating tendency to avoid social interactions is actually enhanced by the ‘friendly’ approaches of others. In this study it was recorded on video-tape how eight autistic children reacted to four styles of adult behaviour. The adult reacted to the child's looks at her by (i) smiling, (ii) gaze averting, (iii) gaze averting plus other ‘timid’ behaviours and (iv) doing nothing except continuing to look back. For this last condition—when the adult did not react—it was found that autistic children showed less avoidance behaviour after eye contact and spent more time within one metre of the adult. The implications for treatment are contrary to much modern practice and to what seems to be adults' ‘natural’ response. Reactivity by others appears to enhance the child's avoidance, and it is suggested that adults should be circumspect in the degree of sociability with which they respond to autistic children.

Argumentative Interactions and Learning Through a Virtual Environment

2010 ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Nathalie Muller Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Educational Issues

In the scientific field, argumentative practices can, under certain conditions, help students to elaborate scientific concepts from everyday representations. However, setting up activities that enable learning in a classroom is not an easy matter. A technological environment may be useful in order to sustain argumentation and to “keep track” of the discursive processes. This chapter presents a pedagogical case in science in which the learners take part in an argumentative debate mediated by a technological environment, called Digalo. The chapter focuses on a socio-cultural perspective, thus assigning a central role to social interactions, symbolic and material mediation in development and learning processes. The author describes a case in Biology tested in two educational contexts, and discusses its psycho-pedagogical assumptions. From a qualitative analysis of the data, it appears that cognitive and argumentative processes are interconnected. This means that by articulating and making reference to the others’ arguments, learners also develop a new understanding of the scientific content. The challenges for educational issues and the lessons that may be drawn from an analysis of this case are then discussed.

scholarly journals Hemispheric asymmetries in resting‐state EEG and fMRI are related to approach and avoidance behaviour, but not to eating behaviour or BMI

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1136-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Morys ◽  
Lieneke K. Janssen ◽  
Elena Cesnaite ◽  
Frauke Beyer ◽  
Isabel Garcia‐Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetries ◽  
Approach And Avoidance

scholarly journals The Influence of Scent Marketing on Consumers' Approach and Avoidance Behaviour in the High-End Fashion Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Chantel Van Niekerk ◽  
RH Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis Software

Existing literature falls short in that it fails to directly recognise the potential that lies within scent marketing and its influence on consumers’ behaviour, especially in high-end fashion stores. The study aimed to explore the influence of scent marketing on consumers’ approach and avoidance behaviour in the high-end fashion industry. The study was qualitative in nature and followed an exploratory research design. A non-probability snowball sampling method was used to recruit participants. Data was collected by means of three focus group sessions. The collected data was analysed by using the Morse and Field approach, and by making use of ATLAS.ti qualitative data analysis software. SPSS software was also used to analyse the demographic results. The results indicate that consumers’ response stimuli often depend on emotional stimuli they experience, which will lead to an approach or avoidance response. Scent marketing can boost approach behaviour, if implemented correctly. Based on the results, it is recommended that retail stores, more specifically high-end fashion stores, should make use of scent marketing to attract consumers to the store, keep them browsing for longer periods, enhance purchases and make them feel comfortable. Scent can have a positive influence on consumer’s evaluations, reactions and the intention to visit and revisit a store. This can result in consumers spending more time and money in the store. Furthermore, if scent marketing is implemented correctly, it could also boost brand identity and create a competitive advantage for that specific store.   Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

scholarly journals Familiarity modulates social approach toward stressed conspecifics in female rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan M. Rogers-Carter ◽  
Anthony Djerdjaj ◽  
Amelia R. Culp ◽  
Joshua A. Elbaz ◽  
John P. Christianson
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Affective Cues ◽  
Preference Tests

AbstractFamiliarity between conspecifics may influence how social affective cues shape social behaviors. In a social affective preference test, experimental rats, when given the choice to explore an unfamiliar stressed or a naive adult, will avoid interaction with a stressed conspecific. To determine if familiarity would influence social interactions with stressed conspecifics, male and female test rats underwent 2 social affective preference tests in isosexual triads where an experimental rat was presented with a naïve and a stressed target conspecific who were either familiar (cagemate) or unfamiliar. Male and female experimental rats avoided stressed unfamiliar conspecifics. However, experimental female rats demonstrated a preference to interact with their stressed, familiar cagemates. Male and female rats exhibited more self-grooming and immobility behavior in the presence of stressed conspecifics, which may indicate emotion contagion. These findings suggest a sex-specific role of familiarity in social approach and avoidance, and warrant further mechanistic exploration.

scholarly journals Qualitative Exploration of Experiences and Consequences of Health-related Stigma among Indonesians with HIV, Leprosy, Schizophrenia and Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Sarju Sing Rai ◽  
Irwanto Irwanto ◽  
Ruth M.H. Peters ◽  
Elena V. Syurina ◽  
Annisa Ika Putri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Enacted Stigma ◽  
Anticipated Stigma ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

Health-related stigma causes a negative impact on the lives of affected people and undermines the effectiveness of public health programs. This study aimedto explore experiences and consequences of stigma among people affected by four health conditions relevant in Indonesia– HIV (Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus), leprosy, schizophrenia and diabetes. In this qualitative study 40 people affected by the four health conditions in Jakarta and West Java, Indonesia–,were interviewed between March and June 2018. Data were analyzed thematically by following an integrative inductive-deductive approach. The experiencesand consequences of people with stigma were similar, but such experience were more severe among people affected by HIV, leprosy, and schizophrenia.Those with diabetes either experienced no or less severe stigma. The participants revealed that they experienced enacted stigma in healthcare, employment,and social interactions in the structural and interpersonal levels. They also experience the stigma in the form of internalized and anticipated stigma at an individual level. Incidences of human rights violations were evident. Social, behavioral, psychological, and medical consequences were also reported.

scholarly journals Assessing Automatic Approach-Avoidance Behavior in an Immersive Virtual Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Degner ◽  
Lea Steep ◽  
Susanne Schmidt ◽  
Frank Steinicke
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Immersive Virtual Environment ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
And Behavior

The use of virtual reality (VR) promises enormous potential for studying human behavior. While approach and avoidance tendencies have been explored in various areas of basic and applied psychology, such as attitude and emotion research, basic learning psychology, and behavior therapy, they have rarely been studied in VR. One major focus of this research is to understand the psychological mechanisms underlying automatic behavioral tendencies towards and away from positively or negatively evaluated stimuli. We implemented a whole-body movement stimulus-response compatibility task to explore approach-avoidance behavior in an immersive virtual environment. We chose attitudinal stimuli—spiders and butterflies—on which people widely agree in their general evaluations (in that people evaluate spiders negatively and butterflies positively), while there is still substantial inter-individual variance (i. e., the intensity in which people dislike spiders or like butterflies). We implemented two parallel approach-avoidance tasks, one in VR, one desktop-based. Both tasks revealed the expected compatibility effects that were positively intercorrelated. Interestingly, however, the compatibility effect in the VR measure was unrelated to participants’ self-reported fear of spiders and stimulus evaluations. These results raise important implications about the usage of VR to study automatic behavioral tendencies.

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