scholarly journals The role of spatial structure in the collapse of regional metapopulations

Ecology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 2815-2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Easton R. White ◽  
Andrew T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure

scholarly journals Research of urban agglomerations in the aspect of implementation of the administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine (case study of Kharkiv region)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Territorial Structure

In the modern context of, one of the main tasks in the regional development management is to optimally realize the complex potential of the territories, which requires a comprehensive study of the spatial structure and evolutionary potential of agglomerations of all levels in order to identify disparities in their development, correct imbalances and optimize the spatial organization of the region. The first step to solve this problem is to identify the spatial structure and evaluate the interconnections of agglomerations sequentially, from local to regional level. This is becoming more relevant in the context of administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prospects for the development of urban agglomerations and the organization of the administrative and territorial structure of Kharkiv region in view of the prevailing influence of the city of Kharkiv and the Kharkiv agglomeration. The basic theoretical and methodological starting points of the study of urban agglomerations are presented; their characteristics and parameters of boundary determination were defined. The essence of the method of modeling of integral influence function (IIF modeling) was revealed, the author's research methodology was substantiated. The tendencies of introduction of administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine were analyzed. It was established that Kharkiv region occupies mediocre places in terms of formation of the united territorial communities, there were 23 ones in the oblast (3 of them are city, 12 town, 8 rural ones) by the end of 2019. The scheme for dividing into enlarged districts has not yet been approved. According to different plans / proposals, the existing 27 districts of the oblast should be consolidated into nine, seven, six or four enlarged districts (counties). All of the above proposals were considered by the authors, it is established that the existing projects do not fully cover the main prevailing factors of allocation of competitive districts, do not take into account the role of historically formed system of settlement, spatial-statistical parameters, integral potential of territories, urbanization and agglomeration. The authors performed the IIF modeling and constructed the IIF surface of the weighted average settlement potential of Kharkiv region by the base radius of influence (2, 10, 20, and 30 km), which allowed to determine the features of the Kharkov agglomeration structure and the interaction of the settlements in the region by different radiuses of interaction, primary agglomerations, prospective growth points. On the basis of the obtained results of IIF modeling, the author's model of administrative and territorial division of Kharkiv region into eight enlarged districts was proposed, given the specific features of the settlement system and the correlation of area and population of the modeled administrative and territorial units. The scientifically grounded division of the region into enlarged districts (counties) and stimulation of their development will contribute to the most complete and rational use of the territories potential, increase of economic, human, investment potential, rise of the level and quality of life of the population, etc.

scholarly journals «War and Peace» of Ukrainian Tourism: the Impact of Geopolitical Factors on the Tourism Process in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Parfinenko
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
The World ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tourist Flow

The article intends to highlight geopolitical aspects in the development of international tourism in Ukraine as a global phenomenon that carries out economic, social and international political action. The paper analyzes international tourist flows in Ukraine, their dynamics and spatial structure during 2000–2017 in particular, in the context of military-political aggression on the part of Russia and intensification of Ukrainian-Russian intergovernmental relations. It has been established that the current dynamics of the international tourist flow in Ukraine is characterized by a sharp decrease in the volume of international visitors, a decrease in the rates of development of tourism activity and the reformatting of the spatial structure of the inbound and outbound tourist flow. The question arises as to the expediency of tourism development during the military-political confrontation. The experience of holding Eurovision–2017 in Ukraine, which took place against the backdrop of the anti-terrorist operation, is highlighted. The conclusion is drawn about the constructive role of tourism as a factor of «soft power» that can influence the informing of the world about the «Ukrainian issue». In this sense, international tourist flows acted as channels of public diplomacy, reflecting the true situation in Ukraine, which is fundamentally different from the Russian mass media. Attention is drawn to the intensification of domestic tourism in Ukraine, taking place against the backdrop of deteriorating key indicators of economic and social development. It is argued that the growth of the weight of domestic tourism was also possible due to the growth of patriotic sentiment in Ukrainian society. In a sense, the development of domestic tourism is seen as a continuation of the struggle of the Ukrainian people for their independence and territorial integrity. Consequently, the constructive role of tourism lies not only in the presentation of the country to the world community, but also in the construction of a national identity within the country. In this way domestic tourism favors further development of the Ukrainian political nation. Key words: international tourism; actors of geopolitical influence; Russia–Ukraine international relations; regional structure of tourism flows in Ukraine; public diplomacy.

Dispersal traits as benthic invertebrate assemblage drivers in a neotropical large river

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-283
Author(s):  
Miguel Saigo ◽  
Mercedes Marchese ◽  
Luciana Montalto
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Large River ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Traits ◽  
Metacommunity Dynamics ◽  
Invertebrate Assemblage

Metacommunity theory is a mechanistic framework that explains the interdependence of local factors and regional processes as community drivers. Recent evidence suggests that dispersal mode is a key trait that potentially affects metacommunity dynamics. We analyzed the distribution patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates with different dispersal modes in the Middle Paraná, a neotropical large river. We assessed the relative importance of local environmental conditions and regional spatial structure as assemblage drivers. Aquatic and aerial dispersers presented Clementsian and Gleasonian structures, respectively. For both groups, local environmental conditions influenced community assembly, and spatial structure (overland distances) also affected the distribution of aerial dispersers. Our study highlights that the role of spatial structure as a driver of benthic metacommunities depends on species' dispersal modes. Aerial dispersers responded to regional spatial variables and it is likely that these organisms are also influenced by mass effects. Our results are consistent with current ideas of metacommunity dynamics in large rivers, where dispersal is not considered to limit the distribution of benthic organisms.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Urban Spatial Structure in Brasília: Focusing on the Role of Urban Development Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Cayo Costa ◽  
Sugie Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Governance Processes ◽  
Over Time

Many cities evolve over time, but some are designed from scratch. Brasília is presented as a unique case on urban planning for having been built from figuratively nothing, based on a design concept that was the brainchild of Brazilian urbanist Lucio Costa. The present study aimed to analyze the interrelation between urban planning and spatial structure change over time to understand the role of urban development policies on the spatial organization of Brasília. The study was conducted based on three interrelated aspects: (1) The intentions of the plans, (2) territorial governance, and (3) external conditions. The results showed that the circumstances of territory occupation—characterized by a polycentric development system with dispersed satellite cities economically dependent on Brasília—have been gradually replaced by strategic development policies, mainly influenced by social and political driving forces. Accordingly, this research suggests a reconsideration of the scale of development instrumentations based on a better understanding of the metropolitan area of Brasília as a unique structure by strengthening its interrelations and seeking better coordination of interests and adaptability of governance processes.

scholarly journals Spatial structure increases the benefits of antibiotic production in Streptomyces griseus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Westhoff ◽  
Simon B. Otto ◽  
Aram Swinkels ◽  
Bo Bode ◽  
Gilles P. van Wezel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Serial Transfer ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations

AbstractBacteria in the soil compete for limited resources to survive and proliferate. One of the ways they might do this is by producing antibiotics, but the costs of antibiotic production and their low concentrations in soils have led to uncertainty about the role of these natural products for the bacteria that produce them. Here, we examine the fitness effects of streptomycin production by the filamentous soil bacterium Streptomyces griseus and the conditions that modify its ability to invade competitors. Using pairwise competion assays, we first provide direct evidence that streptomycin production enables S. griseus to kill and invade a population of the susceptible species, S. coelicolor, but not a streptomycin-resistant mutant of this species. Next we show that the fitness benefits of streptomycin production are density-dependent, because production scales positively with cell number, and frequency-dependent, with a threshold of invasion of S. griseus at around 1%. Finally, using serial transfer experiments where spatial structure is either maintained or periodically destroyed, we show that spatial structure reduces the threshold frequency of invasion by more than 100-fold, indicating that antibiotic production can permit invasion from extreme rarity. Our results provide clear evidence that streptomycin is both an offensive and defensive weapon that facilitates invasion into occupied habitats and also protects against invasion by competitors. They also indicate that the benefits of antibiotic production rely on ecological interactions occurring at small local scales, suggesting that low antibiotic concentrations in bulk soil are unlikely to be representative of their effective concentrations in nature.

The Role of the Land Layout Parameters and Production Efficiency in the Evaluation and Shaping of the Spatial Structure of Land

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Gniadek ◽  
Robert Szewczyk ◽  
Izabela Piech
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Surface Element ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Applied Technology ◽  
Ground System ◽  
Spatial Parameters ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
The Village

The article contains the results of the plots layout research in the farms of the selected object in the southern Poland. The basic surface element adopted for the research, were continuous parts of the registry plots covered by one form of use. To carry out tests on such a large number of plots specialized computer programs used, which use data from the digital cadastral map and the descriptive part of the land and buildings registry documentation kept in digital system. The applied technology allowed obtaining more than 70 features, characterizing each analyzed plot. Detailed studies included the 15 basic features of plots layout, first four of which determine the spatial parameters of the plot, three features relate to the estimated costs of cultivation dependent on its layout, the next two describe the location of the plot in the village and in the farm, and the last five characterize the farm, that owns the plot. The obtained result allowed the identification of positive and negative aspects of the tested ground system indicating the necessary changes in terms of its improvement.

The Role of an Integrated Transport System in the Comprehensive, Polycentric Development of Gdańsk Bay Metropolitan Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Kamrowska-Załuska
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Urban Structures

Abstract In this paper the role of an Integrated transport system and mobility in the development of Gdańsk Bay Metropolitan Area is discussed, with special emphasis on how it influences the development of comprehensive, polycentric urban structures. The paper consists of an analysis of how the changes, which occurred after the socio-economic transformation shaped the transport system, and as a consequence the spatial structure, of Gdańsk Bay Metropolitan Area. At the beginning of the paper historic, present and future development of integrated transport systems and the urban structure of the metropolis are described and then strategies and proposed solutions are introduced. The last chapter includes conclusions and recommendations for the future role of the integrated transport system in shaping the development of the Gdańsk Bay Metropolitan Area.

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