scholarly journals On the ecological significance of pollen color: a case study in American trout lily (Erythronium americanum )

Ecology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 926-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Austen ◽  
Shang-Yao Lin ◽  
Jessica R. K. Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Erythronium Americanum ◽  
Pollen Color

scholarly journals The evolution of derived monomorphism from sexual dimorphism: A case study on salamanders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L Staub
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Social Selection ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract While sexual dimorphism has long received special attention from biologists, derived monomorphism, the condition in which both males and females express similar derived features, has been less well studied. Historically, the appearance of “male-like” features in females has been explained by the genetic correlation between the sexes. Recent work emphasizes the importance of studying the independent selective forces on both females and males to understand sexual dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism and derived monomorphism in the genus Aneides are examined in light of predictions of social selection. Aneides hardii shows the greatest degree of sexual dimorphism in snout-vent length and head width, with the other species of Aneides less sexually dimorphic. This reduced dimorphism, however, is not a return to an ancestral monomorphic state, but rather exemplifies derived monomorphism because females express traits that were limited in expression to males of ancestral species. Instead of calling these “male-typical” traits in females, I suggest the term “derived monomorphic” traits, as these traits are typical in these females and “derived monomorphic” can apply to both sexes. Increased attention to studying the patterns and ecological significance of derived monomorphism will shed light on the underlying selective forces, including sexual selection, on both females and males.

Depth-related structure and ecological significance of cold-seep communities—a case study from the Sea of Okhotsk

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1391-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Sahling ◽  
Sergey V Galkin ◽  
Anatoly Salyuk ◽  
Jens Greinert ◽  
Hilmar Foerstel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Of Okhotsk ◽  
Cold Seep ◽  
Related Structure ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
The Sea Of Okhotsk

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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