scholarly journals Aerial spraying of bacterial insecticides to control spruce budworm defoliation leads to reduced carbon losses

Ecosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelin Liu ◽  
Changhui Peng ◽  
Louis De Grandpré ◽  
Jean‐Noël Candau ◽  
Timothy Work ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Aerial Spraying ◽  
Carbon Losses

Protecting the Forests of New Brunswick Against "The Insect" – An Overview

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Paper Company ◽  
Aerial Spraying

In 1951, one pulp and paper company and the New Brunswick Government decided to try to prevent or at least lessen losses from the spruce budworm by aerial spraying of insecticide. Today, 33 years later, protection is still carried out, not with any thought to eradicating the pest, but rather to maintain the industrial base and the resulting employment. Without this protection, the forest products industry in New Brunswick would have suffered many mill closures – a catastrophe in a province where one job in seven depends on a healthy forest products industry.

scholarly journals A RECENT SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAK IN THE LOWER ST. LAWRENCE AND GASPE PENINSULA WITH REFERENCE TO AERIAL SPRAYING OPERATIONS

1960 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais ◽  
R. Martineau
Keyword(s):  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Insect Abundance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Aerial Spraying ◽  
Eventual Collapse ◽  
Gaspe Peninsula

The main topics discussed in this paper are: the progress of the spruce budworm outbreak in the Lower St. Lawrence - Gaspé regions from 1949 to 1956; the areas sprayed between 1954 and 1958; timing of spray application in relation to insect abundance and development; effects of treatment on spruce budworm populations and on defoliation of balsam fir; results of aerial defoliation surveys and egg surveys; estimated amounts of wood destroyed by the insect, and losses averted through spraying; the various natural control factors associated with the decline and the eventual collapse of the outbreak.

Effects of 1956 Spring and Summer Temperatures on Spruce Budworm Populations (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) in the Gaspé Peninsula

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Aerial Spraying ◽  
Gaspe Peninsula ◽  
Gaspé Peninsula

In 1956, the spruce budworm infestation which had been in progress in the Lower St. Lawrence and Gaspe Peninsula for about eight years, covered the whole territory from the Rimouski River to the eastern tip of the Peninsula (Fig. 1). In many localities throughout the region repeated defoliation had been severe enough to cause some trees to die (3) . Had it not been for the extensive aerial spraying operations practised in this region since 1954, tree mortality would undoubtedly have been even more widespread.

Control of a Spruce Budworm Outbreak in Quebec through Aerial Spraying Operations

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Infested Area ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Aerial Spraying

AbstractAn attempt was made to suppress an incipient spruce budworm outbreak in the Lower St. Lawrence region of Quebec through the aerial application of DDT. Operations began in 1960 and continued in 1961 and 1962 when they finally met with success. Failure to achieve success earlier was due partly to the exceptionally favourable survival conditions for the insect in 1960, and partly to the inadvertent omission of a small infested area from the program in 1961. The operations greatly reduced spruce budworm populations each year in the outbreak area, while the action of natural control factors, including parasites and predators increased. The collapse of the outbreak was the result of the combined effects of the chemical treatments and of natural control factors.

FOREST ANT COMPOSITION AND FORAGING FOLLOWING AERIAL SPRAYING OF CARBARYL TO SUPPRESS WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F. Murphy ◽  
B.A. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Choristoneura Occidentalis ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Ant Foraging ◽  
Blue Mountains ◽  
Ant Predation ◽  
Foraging Rate ◽  
Aerial Spraying

AbstractAn outbreak of western spruce bud worm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon, USA, was treated with helicopter-applied carbaryl. Effects on forest ants were determined from pre- and post-spray samples taken from replicated 0.75-ha sprayed and unsprayed plots. Arboreally foraging ants were sampled with sticky drop traps placed under trees. Ground-foraging ants were sampled from food-baited boards. During 8 weeks of sampling, 13 225 ants from seven genera and 19 species were collected. Seven species were known budworm predators. After spraying, ant species diversity decreased in sprayed plots. Post-spray foraging decreased in all plots, but the decrease was more rapid and pronounced in sprayed plots. Among ground-foragers, budworm predators were clearly affected by spraying. Arboreal foragers, nearly all budworm predators, showed a significantly lower foraging rate in sprayed plots. Varying effects on different species were noted. Overall ant foraging remained depressed for at least 6 weeks after spraying, long enough for budworm development to be completed. Reduced ant predation on sparse budworm populations after spraying may contribute to budworm resurgence.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Insecticide Aerial Spraying Programs to Reduce Tree Mortality During a Spruce Budworm Outbreak (1967‒1992) in the Quebec Province.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Fuentealba ◽  
Alain Dupont ◽  
Roberto Quezada-Garcia ◽  
Éric Bauce
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Protection Goal ◽  
Aerial Spraying ◽  
Stand Characteristics

Abstract Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) is the most important pest of conifer forests in Eastern North America. The main approach to protect Quebec forests against this defoliator is aerial spraying of insecticides. Despite the crucial role of aerial spraying of insecticides in the global forest protection strategy, little is known about its real impact on tree mortality reduction or the stand characteristics that may affect its long-term efficacy. We evaluate the efficacy of the protection program implemented between 1967 and 1992 in reducing tree mortality during the previous outbreak in Quebec and how its efficacy is affected by stand characteristics such as drainage quality and stand age. We established 422 plots in Eastern Quebec based on the following parameters: insecticide application (0-13 years), stand composition, drainage quality, and stand age at the beginning of the previous outbreak. Our results show that unprotected plots exhibited in average between 18 and 32.6% higher mortality than protected plots. Insecticide efficacy was affected by drainage quality. For example, protected plots established on sites with bad drainage quality exhibited 49% less balsam fir mortality than unprotected plots. Furthermore, immature and mature protected stands exhibited a similar reduction in balsam fir mortality (32.2 and 32.1% less mortality respectively) compare to unprotected stands. Our results may be useful for decision-makers not only to decide where and when apply insecticides during a spruce budworm outbreak but also, they may help to determine the pertinence of continuous protection during longer than usual outbreaks depending on protection goal.

AERIAL SPRAYING OF A BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS — CHITINASE FORMULATION FOR CONTROL OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1535-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Smirnoff ◽  
J. J. Fettes ◽  
R. Desaulniers
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Insect Development ◽  
Check Plot ◽  
The Third ◽  
Spray Deposit ◽  
Aerial Spraying

AbstractA 10,000 acre stand of mature balsam fir, in Temiscouata County, Quebec, which had a spruce budworm population of about 21 larvae/18 in. branch-tip was sprayed with a Bacillus thuringiensis + chitinase formulation. Aerial spraying was carried out by three TBM aircraft between 4 and 7 June 1972, when insect development was at the peak of the third instar. Where the quantity of B. thuringiensis colonies per square centimeter was higher than 77 and spray deposit higher than 0.4 gal/acre (U.S.), larval mortality was between 84% and 93% compared with between 39% and 53% in the check plot. Foliage protection was 47%. The results indicate the possibilities of using B. thuringiensis + chitinase to control spruce budworm infestations.

Comparing the efficacy of various aerial spraying scenarios using Bacillus thuringiensis to protect trees from spruce budworm defoliation

2019 ◽  
Vol 432 ◽  
pp. 1013-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Fuentealba ◽  
Alain Dupont ◽  
Christian Hébert ◽  
Richard Berthiaume ◽  
Roberto Quezada-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Aerial Spraying
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