scholarly journals Life history and habitat explain variation among insect pest populations subject to global change

Ecosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e02274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Walter ◽  
Anthony R. Ives ◽  
John F. Tooker ◽  
Derek M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Insect Pest

Energy Reserve Compensating for Trade-Off Between Metabolic Resistance and Life History Traits in the Brown Planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1963-1971
Author(s):  
Tomohisa Fujii ◽  
Sachiyo Sanada-Morimura ◽  
Keiichiro Matsukura ◽  
Ho Van Chien ◽  
Le Quoc Cuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Metabolic Detoxification ◽  
Resistant Strains

Abstract Development of insecticide resistance often changes life history traits of insect pests, because metabolic detoxification of insecticides in insect bodies requires huge energetic reserves. The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), an important insect pest of rice crop in East and Southeast Asia, has developed strong resistance to imidacloprid from mid-2000s. The aim of this study was to examine the costs of life history traits and reveal changes in energy reserves with developing imidacloprid resistance. We compared the life history traits (survival time, fecundity, developmental time, and hatchability) and total lipid content between imidacloprid-resistant and imidacloprid-susceptible (control) brown planthopper strains. As compared to the control strains, adults’ survival time of the resistant females was shorter, and their fecundity was lower; the other life history traits did not differ significantly between the resistant and control strains. As the results, net reproductive rates (R0) were lower in the resistant strains than in the susceptible strains. However, the amount of stored lipids was larger in resistant females than control ones. Our findings demonstrated a physiological trade-off between the development of imidacloprid resistance and the reproductive traits of brown planthopper. The imidacloprid-resistant strains are likely to store lipids for metabolic detoxification rather than consume them for reproduction.

scholarly journals Understanding the Evolutionary Ecology of host–pathogen Interactions Provides Insights into the Outcomes of Insect Pest Biocontrol

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
David J. Páez ◽  
Arietta E. Fleming-Davies
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Classical Biocontrol ◽  
Life History Tradeoffs ◽  
Pathogen Strains

The use of viral pathogens to control the population size of pest insects has produced both successful and unsuccessful outcomes. Here, we investigate whether those biocontrol successes and failures can be explained by key ecological and evolutionary processes between hosts and pathogens. Specifically, we examine how heterogeneity in pathogen transmission, ecological and evolutionary tradeoffs, and pathogen diversity affect insect population density and thus successful control. We first review the existing literature and then use numerical simulations of mathematical models to further explore these processes. Our results show that the control of insect densities using viruses depends strongly on the heterogeneity of virus transmission among insects. Overall, increased heterogeneity of transmission reduces the effect of viruses on insect densities and increases the long-term stability of insect populations. Lower equilibrium insect densities occur when transmission is heritable and when there is a tradeoff between mean transmission and insect fecundity compared to when the heterogeneity of transmission arises from non-genetic sources. Thus, the heterogeneity of transmission is a key parameter that regulates the long-term population dynamics of insects and their pathogens. We also show that both heterogeneity of transmission and life-history tradeoffs modulate characteristics of population dynamics such as the frequency and intensity of “boom–bust" population cycles. Furthermore, we show that because of life-history tradeoffs affecting the transmission rate, the use of multiple pathogen strains is more effective than the use of a single strain to control insect densities only when the pathogen strains differ considerably in their transmission characteristics. By quantifying the effects of ecology and evolution on population densities, we are able to offer recommendations to assess the long-term effects of classical biocontrol.

Effect of Temperature on the Predator, (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocordiae) Feeding on Cryptolestes pusillus (Schon.) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
W Islam ◽  
KN Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Cryptolestes Pusillus

Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) is one of the dominant predators of many stored product insect pest including Cryptolestes pusillus. The influence of temperature on predator development, survival and some selected life history parameters was determined. Eggs laid/female (27.27±2.52) and egg hatching rate (%) (88.25±2.19) were highest at 30°C and lowest at 20°C (5.43±1.19 and 30.79±4.63%) respectively but no eggs laid at 15°C. Mortality among immature stages (%) was highest (51.71±1.48) at 35°C and lowest (24.25c±1.14) at 25°C. Developmental times decreasing with the increasing of temperature. Maximum numbers of progeny/female/day (3.55±0.76) were produced at 25°C and minimum (0.83±0.04) were at 20°C.The sex ratios (% female) of X. flavipes were 47.04, 56.68, 51.66 and 50.07 for 20, 25, 30 and 35°C respectively. Survivorship of ovipositing females was highest at 25°C but lowest at 35°C respectively. Key words: Xylocoris flavipes, Cryptolestes pusillus, life history, temperature, developmental time   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2201 J. bio-sci. 15: 41-46, 2007

scholarly journals Global change, life‐history complexity and the potential for evolutionary rescue

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1189-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin J. Marshall ◽  
Scott C. Burgess ◽  
Tim Connallon
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Evolutionary Rescue

Some Notes on Syringopais temperatella, Led., in Cyprus

1927 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Great Energy

It has just lately been reported to the writer that Syringopais (Nochelodes) temperatella, Led., a Microlepidopteron of the family Oecophoridae, has again in Cyprus begun to assume the rôle of a major pest. Little work seems to have been done on this insect anywhere, so that it may be worth while to give a few notes on one or two interesting points that have lately been brought to light with regard to it.On first appointment to the island, in 1923, the writer was given to understand that Nochelodes temperatella was the greatest insect pest with which the impoverished and struggling farmer had to deal ; but that this is indeed the whole truth was not entirely borne out by enquiries during the years 1924, 1925, and early 1926, for it was found that no serious endeavour to deal with the insect on the lines previously advocated by the Agricultural Department had ever been made, despite the fact that cultural methods only had been advocated, and in addition such as could easily have been carried out with the exercise of no great energy.Broadly, the life-history of the insect is as follows :—The adults are on the wing in the late spring or early summer, some little time before the wheat is cut. It is supposed that the eggs are laid in the soil—certainly they are to be found in the soil—and that they there persist through the hot weather, hatching some time during the winter, and the larvae immediately proceeding to attack the young wheat. The pest becomes really noticeable only towards the spring, when sometimes whole areas of wheat are virtually destroyed. Pupation takes place in the soil.

Niche models tell half the story: spatial context and life-history traits influence species responses to global change

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1266-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Swab ◽  
Helen M. Regan ◽  
David A. Keith ◽  
Tracey J. Regan ◽  
Mark K. J. Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Species Responses ◽  
Niche Models

Estimating direct resistance in willows against a major insect pest, Phratora vulgatissima, by comparing life history traits

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lehrman ◽  
Mikaela Torp ◽  
Johan A. Stenberg ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽  
Christer Björkman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Insect Pest

Climate envelope, life history traits and the resilience of birds facing global change

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1672-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRÉDÉRIC JIGUET ◽  
ANNE-SOPHIE GADOT ◽  
ROMAIN JULLIARD ◽  
STUART E. NEWSON ◽  
DENIS COUVET
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Climate Envelope

scholarly journals Biological traits and life history of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a weevil pest on camphor trees in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Chen ◽  
Congcong Zhang ◽  
Shouyin Li ◽  
Han Zhu ◽  
Binqi Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Outer Bark ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shanghai City

Abstract Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl. (Laurales: Lauraceae) is widely cultivated as an important landscape tree species in many urban areas in South China, especially in Shanghai City. Pagiophloeus tsushimanus Morimoto has become a destructive insect pest of C. camphora plantations in Shanghai, but the biological and ecological traits of this pest remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the damage and life history and determined the larval instar of P. tsushimanus. The results indicated that P. tsushimanus is a monophagous weevil pest, and C. camphora is the unique host tree species. C. camphora plantations in all administrative districts of Shanghai have been seriously damaged by P. tsushimanus. Adults often aggregate for feeding on the tender bark of twigs and occasionally on newly emerged buds. After experiencing damage, the twigs shrink and crack and the buds will shrink. Adults tend to repeatedly mate and oviposit, and all females lay single eggs at a time. Eggs will be covered with a mixture of secretions and wood chips by female adults. Larvae (1st–2nd instar) feed on the phloem, while 3rd–5th instar can bore into the phloem and the cambium. Massive tunnels, including three shapes (inverted “L”, inverted “T”, and inverted “Z”), were observed in the trunk of each tree, and resulted in swelling of the outer bark. P. tsushimanus has one life cycle per year in Shanghai. Both adults and larvae (3rd–5th instar) overwinter from early November to early April. Adults overwinter in grooves on the underside of branches or at branch nodes, and larvae overwinter in tunnels. Five larval instars of P. tsushimanus were determined according to Dyar's and Crosby's rules. The biological traits and life history of P. tsushimanus have been identified and can provide guidance in terms of pest control and plantation management.

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