Long‐term dynamics in local host–parasite interactions linked to regional population trends

Zachary S. Ladin; Vincent D'Amico; Jan M. Baetens; Roland R. Roth; W. Gregory Shriver

doi:10.1002/ecs2.1420

Generation of Murine Growth Factor-Dependent Long-Term Dendritic Cell Lines to Investigate Host-Parasite Interactions

Macrophages and Dendritic Cells - Methods in Molecular Biology™ ◽

10.1007/978-1-59745-396-7_2 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 17-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alessandra Mortellaro ◽

Matteo Urbano ◽

Stefania Citterio ◽

Maria Foti ◽

Francesca Granucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cell ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Host Parasite Interactions ◽

Host Parasite

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Evolutionary epidemiology of a zoonosis

10.1101/2021.10.15.464618 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Giulia I Corsi ◽

Swapnil Tichkule ◽

Anna Rosa Sannella ◽

Paolo Vatta ◽

Francesco Asnicar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleotide Diversity ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Population Admixture ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Host Parasite Interactions ◽

Geographic Origins ◽

Evolutionary Epidemiology ◽

Evolutionary Consequences ◽

Host Parasite

Cryptosporidium parvum is a global zoonoses and a major cause of diarrhoea in humans and ruminants. The parasite's life cycle comprises an obligatory sexual phase, during which genetic exchanges can occur between previously isolated lineages. Here, we compare 32 whole genome sequences from human- and ruminant-derived parasite isolates collected across Europe, Egypt and China. We identify three strongly supported clusters that comprise a mix of isolates from different host species, geographic origins, and subtypes. We show that: (1) recombination occurs between ruminant isolates into human isolates; (2) these recombinant regions can be passed on to other human subtypes through gene flow and population admixture; (3) there have been multiple genetic exchanges, and all are likely recent; (4) putative virulence genes are significantly enriched within these genetic exchanges, and (5) this results in an increase in their nucleotide diversity. We carefully dissect the phylogenetic sequence of two genetic exchanges, illustrating the long-term evolutionary consequences of these events. Our results suggest that increased globalisation and close human-animal contacts increase the opportunity for genetic exchanges between previously isolated parasite lineages, resulting in spillover and spillback events. We discuss how this can provide a novel substrate for natural selection at genes involved in host-parasite interactions, thereby potentially altering the dynamic coevolutionary equilibrium in the Red Queens arms race.

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Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea): an ideal fish-metazoan parasite model?

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182010000107 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 137 (3) ◽

pp. 425-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

D. HOOLE ◽

V. CARTER ◽

S. DUFOUR

Keyword(s):

Ecological Studies ◽

Biological Factors ◽

Ligula Intestinalis ◽

Metazoan Parasite ◽

Host Parasite Interactions ◽

Parasite Ecology ◽

Host Parasite ◽

Scientific Tool

SUMMARYSince its use as a model to study metazoan parasite culture and in vitro development, the plerocercoid of the tapeworm, Ligula intestinalis, has served as a useful scientific tool to study a range of biological factors, particularly within its fish intermediate host. From the extensive long-term ecological studies on the interactions between the parasite and cyprinid hosts, to the recent advances made using molecular technology on parasite diversity and speciation, studies on the parasite have, over the last 60 years, led to significant advances in knowledge on host-parasite interactions. The parasite has served as a useful model to study pollution, immunology and parasite ecology and genetics, as well has being the archetypal endocrine disruptor.

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Nutrient stoichiometry shapes microbial coevolution

10.1101/183657 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Megan L. Larsen ◽

Steven W. Wilhelm ◽

Jay T. Lennon

Keyword(s):

Arms Race ◽

Lytic Phage ◽

Nutrient Stoichiometry ◽

P Limitation ◽

Host Parasite Interactions ◽

Negative Frequency Dependent Selection ◽

Selection For ◽

The Stability ◽

Host Parasite

ABSTRACTCoevolution is a force contributing to the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. It is influenced by environmental conditions including the scarcity of essential resources, which can drive the evolution of defense and virulence traits. We conducted a long-term chemostat experiment where the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus was challenged with a lytic phage under nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) limitation. This manipulation of nutrient stoichiometry altered the stability of host-parasite interactions and the underlying mode of coevolution. By assessing infectivity with >18,000 pairwise challenges, we documented directional selection for increased phage resistance, consistent with arms-race dynamics while phage infectivity fluctuated through time, as expected when coevolution is driven by negative frequency-dependent selection. The resulting infection networks were 50 % less modular under N-versus P-limitation reflecting host-range contraction and asymmetric coevolutionary trajectories. Nutrient stoichiometry affects eco-evolutionary feedbacks in ways that may alter the dynamics and functioning of environmental and host-associated microbial communities.

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Living with Two Genomes: Grafting and Its Implications for Plant Genome-to-Genome Interactions, Phenotypic Variation, and Evolution

Annual Review of Genetics ◽

10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043545 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 195-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Brandon S. Gaut ◽

Allison J. Miller ◽

Danelle K. Seymour

Keyword(s):

Host Resistance ◽

Arms Race ◽

Plant Genome ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Evolutionary Innovation ◽

Host Parasite Interactions ◽

Artificial Grafts ◽

Genome Interactions ◽

Host Parasite

Plant genomes interact when genetically distinct individuals join, or are joined, together. Individuals can fuse in three contexts: artificial grafts, natural grafts, and host–parasite interactions. Artificial grafts have been studied for decades and are important platforms for studying the movement of RNA, DNA, and protein. Yet several mysteries about artificial grafts remain, including the factors that contribute to graft incompatibility, the prevalence of genetic and epigenetic modifications caused by exchanges between graft partners, and the long-term effects of these modifications on phenotype. Host–parasite interactions also lead to the exchange of materials, and RNA exchange actively contributes to an ongoing arms race between parasite virulence and host resistance. Little is known about natural grafts except that they can be frequent and may provide opportunities for evolutionary innovation through genome exchange. In this review, we survey our current understanding about these three mechanisms of contact, the genomic interactions that result, and the potential evolutionary implications.

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EPNs Exhibit Repulsion to Prenol in Pluronic Gel Assays

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11080457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 457

Author(s):

Tiffany Baiocchi ◽

Chunjie Li ◽

Adler R. Dillman

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Ecology ◽

Storage Time ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Host Parasite Interactions ◽

Host Seeking ◽

Successful Infection ◽

Host Parasite ◽

Term Storage

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are lethal parasites of insects that have become valuable in biological control and as a model system for studying host–parasite interactions, behavioral ecology, neurobiology, and genomics, among other fields. Their ability to locate hosts is paramount to successful infection and host seeking has been extensively studied in many species in the lab. Here, we explored the usefulness of pluronic gel as a medium to assess EPN host seeking in the lab by characterizing the response of Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae, S. glaseri, S. riobrave, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and H. indica to the odor prenol. We found that the infective juveniles (IJs) of these species were repelled by prenol in pluronic gel. We then evaluated how storing the IJs of S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and S. glaseri for different amounts of time affected their behavioral responses to prenol. The response of S. carpocapsae was significantly affected by the storage time, while the responses of S. feltiae and S. glaseri were unaffected. Our data support the notion that pluronic gel is a useful medium for studying EPN behavior and that the response of S. carpocapsae to informative odors is significantly affected by long-term storage.

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