Time and ecological resilience: can diurnal animals compensate for climate change by shifting to nocturnal activity?

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. e01334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofir Levy ◽  
Tamar Dayan ◽  
Warren P. Porter ◽  
Noga Kronfeld-Schor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Nocturnal Activity

scholarly journals Reduced resilience of terrestrial ecosystems locally is not reflected on a global scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhao Feng ◽  
Haojie Su ◽  
Zhiyao Tang ◽  
Shaopeng Wang ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Ecosystem Resilience

AbstractGlobal climate change likely alters the structure and function of vegetation and the stability of terrestrial ecosystems. It is therefore important to assess the factors controlling ecosystem resilience from local to global scales. Here we assess terrestrial vegetation resilience over the past 35 years using early warning indicators calculated from normalized difference vegetation index data. On a local scale we find that climate change reduced the resilience of ecosystems in 64.5% of the global terrestrial vegetated area. Temperature had a greater influence on vegetation resilience than precipitation, while climate mean state had a greater influence than climate variability. However, there is no evidence for decreased ecological resilience on larger scales. Instead, climate warming increased spatial asynchrony of vegetation which buffered the global-scale impacts on resilience. We suggest that the response of terrestrial ecosystem resilience to global climate change is scale-dependent and influenced by spatial asynchrony on the global scale.

scholarly journals Climate change is a major stressor causing poor pregnancy outcomes and child development

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1222
Author(s):  
David M. Olson ◽  
Gerlinde A.S. Metz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Climate Crisis

The climate crisis is the existential threat of our times and for generations to come. This is no longer a threat but a reality affecting us, our children, and the generations that follow. Pregnant mothers, their fetuses, and their children are among those at greatest risk in every population and every jurisdiction. A timely consideration is the health of racialized groups who are particularly vulnerable owing to the confluence of several risk factors that are compounded by climate change. Included among these are Indigenous communities that are the most directly threatened by climate change. This review discusses the main health challenges faced by mothers, fathers, and their children during the climate crisis, focusing on mental health as a causal factor. Exploration of this topic includes the role of prenatal maternal and paternal stresses, allostatic load, and the effect of degradation of the environment and ecosystems on individuals. These will be examined in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes and altered developmental trajectories of children. The climate crisis is a health threat multiplier that amplifies the health inequities of the most at-risk populations and individuals. It accelerates the increase in allostatic load of those at risk. The path of tragedy begins with an accumulating allostatic load that overwhelms both individual and socio-ecological resilience. This can lead to worse mental health including depression and anxiety and, in the case of pregnant women and their children, more adverse pregnancy outcomes and impaired developmental trajectories for their newborn children. We argue that there is an urgent need to develop new (or re-discover or re-purpose existing) tools that will predict communities and individuals who are experiencing the highest levels of climate-related hazards and intervene to reduce stress and increase resilience in pre-conceptual women and men, pregnant and post-partum women, and their young children.

Interactionist Tools for Assessing Community Resilience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braden Leap
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Resilience Theory ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Policies And Programs

This chapter contends that classic and contemporary research by symbolic interactionists, and those in closely related theoretical traditions, can provide an effective toolkit for enriching assessments of how resilience unfolds in practice. This is especially important if we hope to develop and implement policies and programs that have a greater potential for enhancing communities' abilities to effectively respond to socio-ecological disruptions. The chapter discusses resilience theory before addressing how interactionist work on institutions as well as interactions between humans and nonhumans—what can be referred to as (non)human interactions—can enrich considerations of resilience. Socio-ecological resilience theory has increasingly been utilized by scholars, development officials, and policy makers to assess whether and how communities can be sustained in response to disruptions related to a range of socio-ecological processes such as floods, epidemics, climate change, and economic downturns. Paralleling others who advocate employing multiple theoretical traditions to better assess the intricate complexities of resilience, instead of arguing that symbolic interaction should supplant other approaches to studying resilience, the chapter emphasizes that symbolic interactionism can complement and extend existing research on resilience.

scholarly journals Lessons From the Pacific Islands – Adapting to Climate Change by Supporting Social and Ecological Resilience

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Mcleod ◽  
Mae Bruton-Adams ◽  
Johannes Förster ◽  
Chiara Franco ◽  
Graham Gaines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
The Pacific

Ecological resilience of Arctic marine food webs to climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 868-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary P. Griffith ◽  
Haakon Hop ◽  
Mikko Vihtakari ◽  
Anette Wold ◽  
Kjersti Kalhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Marine Food

scholarly journals Detecting past changes in vegetation resilience in the context of a changing climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 20180768 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. John Calder ◽  
Bryan Shuman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Return To Equilibrium ◽  
History Record ◽  
Time Required

Anthropogenic climate change is continuously altering ecological responses to disturbance and must be accounted for when examining ecological resilience. One way to measure resilience in ecological datasets is by considering the amount and duration of change from a baseline created by perturbations, such as disturbances like wildfire. Recovery occurs when ecological conditions return to equilibrium, meaning that no subsequent changes can be attributed to the effects of the disturbance, but climate change often causes the recovered state to differ from the previous baseline. The palaeoecological record provides an opportunity to examine these expectations because palaeoclimates changed continuously; few periods existed when environmental conditions were stationary. Here we demonstrate a framework for examining resilience in palaeoecological records against the backdrop of a non-stationary climate by considering resilience as two components of (i) resistance (magnitude of change) and (ii) recovery (time required to return) to predicted equilibrium values. Measuring these components of resilience in palaeoecological records requires high-resolution fossil (e.g. pollen) records, local palaeoclimate reconstructions, a model to predict ecological change in response to climate change, and disturbance records measured at the same spatial scale as the ecological (e.g. vegetation history) record. Resistance following disturbance is measured as the deviation of the fossil record from the ecological state predicted by the palaeoclimate records, and recovery time is measured as the time required for the fossil record to return to predicted values. We show that some cases may involve nearly persistent equilibrium despite large climate changes, but that others can involve a shift to a new state without any complete recovery.

Climate Change Communication in Middle East and Arab Countries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Fugl Eskjær
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Climate Change Communication ◽  
Change Communication

In terms of climate change, Middle East and Arab countries cover a vast and diverse region with stark variations in natural resources, ecological footprints, and political priorities. It includes large oil and gas producing nations (the Gulf States) as well as resource-depleted countries (Jordan, Syria). Most countries rely on carbon energy, while a few have developed an alternative vision based on renewables (Morocco). It is home to both highly affluent countries (e.g., UAE) as well as poor and conflict-ridden societies (Iraq, the Levant, Yemen). Although the region as a whole is particularly vulnerable to climate change due to low levels of socio-ecological resilience, potential conflicts over natural resources (e.g., water), and almost chronic refugee and immigration crises, there are considerable differences in the region’s adaptive resources and mitigation strategies. This regional heterogeneity, however, is rarely reflected in the region’s climate change communication, which (with a few exceptions) tends to follow similar communicative patterns. Long-running social and religious conflicts in the Middle East have pushed climate change down the agenda of public opinion and news reporting in most Arab countries. Moreover, many Arab countries share a semi-authoritarian media system, which seems to exacerbate this tendency. In order to avoid crossing editorial redlines, climate change reporting is mostly copyedited from international news agencies. Local reporting is sparse as it may easily touch on sensitive issues concerning inadequate governance. Consequently, climate change has traditionally been covered as foreign news with a focus on international climate change negotiations—and hence limited relevance for a regional readership. However, new information technology and an increasing focus on raising awareness on climate change points toward alternative channels of climate change communication in Middle Eastern and Arab countries.

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