scholarly journals Smoothing splines of apex predator movement: Functional modeling strategies for exploring animal behavior and social interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Whetten
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Smoothing Splines ◽  
Apex Predator ◽  
Functional Modeling

scholarly journals Smoothing Splines of Apex Predator Movement: Functional modeling strategies for exploring animal behavior and social interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whetten
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Smoothing Splines ◽  
Pairwise Distance ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Tracking Devices ◽  
Kinematic Motion

The collection of animal position data via GPS tracking devices has increased in quality and usage in recent years. Animal position and movement, although measured discretely, follows the same principles of kinematic motion, and as such, the process is inherently continuous and differentiable. I demonstrate the functionality and visual elegance of smoothing spline models. I discuss the challenges and benefits of implementing such an approach, and I provide an analysis of movement and social interaction of seven jaguars inhabiting the Taiamã Ecological Station, Pantanal, Brazil. In the analysis, I derive measures for pairwise distance, cooccurence and spatiotemporal associaton between jaguars, borrowing ideas from density estimation and information theory. These measures are feasible as a result of spline model estimation, and they provide a critical tool for a deeper investigation of cooccurence duration, frequency, and localized spatio-temporal relationships between animals.

Crayfish Behavior: Observing Arthropods to Learn about Science & Scientific Inquiry

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Rop
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Life Science ◽  
School Life ◽  
Data Control ◽  
Analyze Data

This is a set of animal behavior investigations in which students will practice scientific inquiry as they observe crayfish, ask questions, and discuss territoriality, social interactions, and other behaviors. In doing this, they hone their skills of observation, learn to record and analyze data, control for variables, write hypotheses, make tentative conclusions, and then design and carry out original experiments. This set of activities and experiments is designed for middle school through high school life science or biology classrooms.

A Practice of Justice

2020 ◽  
pp. 238-258
Author(s):  
Shaun Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Principles Of Justice

This chapter asks what justice is as it pertains to immediate embodied intersubjective interactions, and how it extends from there to institutionally mediated social interactions. Rather than attempting to work out principles of justice as they might derive from or pertain to the abstractions of original positions or ideal situations of communication, or as they might apply to large-scale social-economic-political regimes, I take everyday practices as a guide. I also draw on animal behavior studies and discussions of justice in Anaximander and Aristotle. By focusing on the practice of justice my aim is not to provide an ideal or necessarily universal notion of justice, but to ask whether there is a conception of justice already at work in our everyday practices. Are there criteria to be found within the analyses of action and interaction that would define the practice of justice or a set of just practices?

scholarly journals Jaguar movement behavior: using trajectories and association rule mining algorithms to unveil behavioral states and social interactions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246233
Author(s):  
Suelane Garcia Fontes ◽  
Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato ◽  
Silvio Luiz Stanzani ◽  
Pedro Luiz Pizzigatti Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Association Rule ◽  
Association Rule Mining ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Rule Mining ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
The Relationship

Animal movement data are widely collected with devices such as sensors and collars, increasing the ability of researchers to monitor animal movement and providing information about animal behavioral patterns. Animal behavior is used as a basis for understanding the relationship between animals and the environment and for guiding decision-making by researchers and public agencies about environmental preservation and conservation actions. Animal movement and behavior are widely studied with a focus on identifying behavioral patterns, such as, animal group formation, the distance between animals and their home range. However, we observed a lack of research proposing a unified solution that aggregates resources for analyses of individual animal behavior and of social interactions between animals. The primary scientific contribution of this work is to present a framework that uses trajectory analysis and association rule mining [Jaiswal and Agarwal, 2012] to provide statistical measures of correlation and dependence to determine the relationship level between animals, their social interactions, and their interactions with other environmental factors based on their individual behavior and movement data. We demonstrate the usefulness of the framework by applying it to movement data from jaguars in the Pantanal, Brazil. This allowed us to describe jaguar behavior, social interactions among jaguars and their behavior in different landscapes, thus providing a highly detailed investigation of jaguar movement decisions at the fine scale.

scholarly journals Extensive aquatic subsidies lead to territorial breakdown and high density of an apex predator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte E Eriksson ◽  
Daniel L.Z Kantek ◽  
Selma S Miyazaki ◽  
Ronaldo G Morato ◽  
Manoel dos Santos-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Apex Predator ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Seasonally Flooded ◽  
Population Density Estimate ◽  
Brazilian Pantanal ◽  
Solitary Behavior

Energetic subsidies between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems can strongly influence food webs and population dynamics. Our objective was to study how aquatic subsidies affected jaguar (Panthera onca) diet, sociality, and population density in a seasonally flooded protected area in the Brazilian Pantanal. The diet (n = 138 scats) was dominated by fish (46%) and aquatic reptiles (55%), representing the first jaguar population known to feed extensively on fish and to minimally consume mammals (11%). These aquatic subsidies supported the highest jaguar population density estimate to date (12.4 per 100 km2) derived from camera traps (8,065 trap nights) and GPS collars (n = 13). Contrary to their mostly solitary behavior elsewhere, we documented social interactions previously unobserved between same-sex adults including cooperative fishing, co-traveling, and play. Our research demonstrates that aquatic subsidies seen in omnivores can be highly influential to obligate carnivores leading to high population density and altered social structure.

Perceived Voice Disorders in Older Adults and Impact on Social Interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Connie K. Porcaro ◽  
Clare Singer ◽  
Boris Djokic ◽  
Ali A. Danesh ◽  
Ruth Tappen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Vocal Performance ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose Many aging individuals, even those who are healthy, report voice changes that can impact their ability to communicate as they once did. While this is commonly reported, most do not seek evaluation or management for this issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and differences in voice disorders in older adults, along with the effect of fatigue on their social interactions. Method This is a cross-sectional investigation of a community-dwelling sample of individuals aged 60 years or older. Participants completed the Questionnaire on Vocal Performance, the Social Engagement Index subset “Engagement in Social or Leisure Activities,” and the Fatigue Severity Scale. Results Results indicated 32.5% of the 332 participants reported symptoms of voice problems with no difference found between male and female respondents. A slight increase in report of voice problems was noted with each year of age. Participants who self-reported voice problems indicated less interaction in social activities involving communication than those who did not. Finally, as severity of self-reported voice problems increased, an increase was reported by the same individuals for signs of fatigue. Conclusions Voice problems and resulting decreased social interaction are commonly experienced by older individuals. Voice symptoms in older adults have been found to benefit from evidence-based treatment strategies. It is critical to provide education to encourage older individuals to seek appropriate evaluation and management for voice issues through a speech-language pathologist or medical professional.

“Shhhh! Alex Has Something To Say”: AAC-SGD Use in the Classroom Setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Mellman ◽  
Laura S. DeThorne ◽  
Julie A. Hengst
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Classroom Community ◽  
Classroom Observations ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Missed Opportunities

Abstract The present qualitative study was designed to examine augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) practices, particularly surrounding speech-generating devices (SGDs), in the classroom setting. We focused on three key child participants, their classroom teachers, and associated speech-language pathologists across three different schools. In addition to semi-structured interviews of all participants, six classroom observations per child were completed. Data were coded according to both pre-established and emergent themes. Four broad themes emerged: message-focused AAC use, social interactions within the classroom community, barriers to successful AAC-SGD use, and missed opportunities. Findings revealed a lack of SGD use in the classroom for two children as well as limited social interaction across all cases. We conclude by highlighting the pervasive sense of missed opportunities across these classroom observations and yet, at the same time, the striking resiliency of communicative effort in these cases.

Hostility and Perceptions of Support in Ambiguous Social Interactions

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Vranceanu ◽  
Linda C. Gallo ◽  
Laura M. Bogart
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Information Processing ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Processing Bias ◽  
Information Processing Bias

The present study investigated whether a social information processing bias contributes to the inverse association between trait hostility and perceived social support. A sample of 104 undergraduates (50 men) completed a measure of hostility and rated videotaped interactions in which a speaker disclosed a problem while a listener reacted ambiguously. Results showed that hostile persons rated listeners as less friendly and socially supportive across six conversations, although the nature of the hostility effect varied by sex, target rated, and manner in which support was assessed. Hostility and target interactively impacted ratings of support and affiliation only for men. At least in part, a social information processing bias could contribute to hostile persons' perceptions of their social networks.

Behavioral Assessment of Social Interactions in Natural Settings

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Santoyo
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Social Effectiveness ◽  
Natural Settings

The present paper deals with behavioral assessment of social interaction in natural settings. The design of observational systems that allow the identification of the direction, contents, quality and social agents involved in a social interchange is an aim of social interaction assessment and research. In the first part a description of a system of behavioral observation of social interaction is presented. This system permits the identification of the above mentioned aspects. Secondly a strategy for the behavioral assessment of social skills is described. This strategy is based on the consequences and effects of social interaction, and it is supported by three basic processes: social effectiveness, social responsiveness and reciprocity.

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