scholarly journals Early‐life patterns of growth are linked to levels of phenotypic trait covariance and postfledging mortality across avian species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Merrill ◽  
Todd M. Jones ◽  
Jeffrey D. Brawn ◽  
Michael P. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Life Patterns ◽  
Trait Covariance

scholarly journals Environmental temperature during early life affects the personality of mosquitofish in adulthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Li ◽  
Xinyu ZHang ◽  
Yi Wu ◽  
Feng ZHang ◽  
CHunlin Li
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Behavioral Syndrome ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Behavioral Traits

Abstract Personality has been observed in a variety of animal taxa with important implications in ecology and evolution. Exploring the influence of environmental temperature during early life on personality could help to understand the ontogeny of this phenotypic trait in animals. In this study, we reared newborn mosquitofish Gambusia affinis at high (30°C) and low (25°C) water temperatures and measured their shyness and exploration upon sexual maturity. We tested the repeatability of each behavioral trait; the correlation between them; and the effects of rearing temperature, sex, and body length on the behaviors. When growing up at low temperatures, female fish exhibited repeatability in shyness and exploration, and males exhibited marginal repeatability in shyness. However, neither of the 2 behaviors were repeatable when the fish were reared at high temperatures. There was a negative correlation between shyness and exploration, indicating that the 2 behaviors comprise a behavioral syndrome in this species. Mosquitofish reared at high temperatures were more explorative than those reared at low temperatures, while there was no difference in shyness between the 2 treatments. Body length and sex had no significant effects on the average values of the 2 behaviors. The results indicate that environmental temperature during early life could shape the personality of mosquitofish and modify the average of the behavioral traits. These findings might provide insights to understand the ontogeny of animal personality and how changes in environmental temperature influence animal dispersal by shaping their personality.

Early-life patterns of sugar consumption and dental caries in the permanent teeth: a birth cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Feldens ◽  
Igor Fonseca dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Floriani Kramer ◽  
Márcia Regina Vítolo ◽  
Vanessa Simas Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Life Patterns

scholarly journals “I Don’t Love My Baby?!”

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-111
Author(s):  
Idun Røseth ◽  
Rob Bongaardt
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
New Mothers ◽  
Life Patterns ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Many new mothers question the nature of their motherly love after birth. This affectionate relationship towards the infant is commonly called bonding in everyday speech, clinical practice and research. Bonding may not sufficiently describe the mother’s emotional response to the infant and does not capture the ambivalence and struggle to develop maternal affection of many women. This study aims to explore the phenomenon of disturbed maternal affection through the clinical case of one mother who experienced severe and prolonged disturbances. Two in-depth interviews led to a descriptive phenomenological analysis. The mother developed depressive symptoms from not feeling enough for her child, not the opposite, as is often hypothesized. We describe and discuss crucial constituents of her experience, such as ambivalence, remoteness, boredom, guilt, and the looming repetition of parenting patterns, and a solution resulting from therapy-enhanced reflection on motherhood vis-à-vis early life patterns, sociocultural expectations and existential predicaments.

scholarly journals Early life patterns of common infection: a latent class analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 875-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Hepworth ◽  
Graham R. Law ◽  
Debbie A. Lawlor ◽  
Patricia A. McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Life Patterns ◽  
Common Infection

scholarly journals Tissue tropisms of avian influenza A viruses affect their spillovers from wild birds to pigs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Zhang ◽  
Fred L. Cunningham ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Katie Hanson-Dorr ◽  
Liyuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Complex ◽  
Binding Preference ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tissue Tropisms

AbstractWild aquatic birds maintain a large genetically diverse pool of influenza A viruses (IAVs), which can be transmitted to lower mammals and ultimately humans. Through phenotypic analyses, only a small set of avian IAVs replicated well in the epithelial cells of swine upper respiratory tracts, and these viruses were shown to infect and cause virus shedding in pigs. Such a phenotypic trait appears to emerge randomly and are distributed among IAVs across multiple avian species, geographic and temporal orders, and is determined not by receptor binding preference but other markers across genomic segments, such as those in the ribonucleoprotein complex. This study demonstrates that phenotypic variants exist among avian IAVs, only a few of which may result in viral shedding in pigs upon infection, providing opportunities for these viruses to become pig adapted, thus posing a higher potential risk for creating novel variants or detrimental reassortants within pig populations.Author SummaryHaving both avian-like receptors and human-like α2,6-linked sialic acid receptors, swine serve as a “mixing vessel” for generating human influenza pandemic strains. All HA subtypes of IAVs can infect swine; however, only sporadic cases of avian IAVs are reported in domestic swine. The molecular mechanisms affecting avian IAVs ability to infect swine are still not fully understood. Through phenotypic analyses, this study suggested that tissue tropisms (i.e., in swine upper respiratory tracts) of avian IAVs affect their spillovers from wild birds to pigs, and this phenotype was determined not by receptor binding preference but by other markers across genomic segments, such as those in the ribonucleoprotein complex. In addition, our results showed that such a phenotypic trait was sporadically and randomly distributed among IAVs across multiple avian species, geographic and temporal orders. This study suggested an efficient way for risk assessment of avian IAVs, such as in evaluating their potentials to be transmitted from avian to pigs.

Early-Life Patterns of Plasma Gut Regulatory Peptide Levels in Calves: Effects of the First Meals

Neonatology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Guílloteau ◽  
J.A. Chayvialle ◽  
R. Toullec ◽  
J.F. Grongnet ◽  
Christine Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Regulatory Peptide ◽  
Life Patterns

Early-life patterns of plasma gut regulatory peptide levels in calves. effects of age, weaning and feeding

1992 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Toullec ◽  
J.A. Chayvialle ◽  
P. Guilloteau ◽  
Christine Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Regulatory Peptide ◽  
Life Patterns

scholarly journals Early life patterns of criminal legal system involvement: Inequalities by race/ethnicity, gender, and parental education

2022 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Courtney Boen ◽  
Nick Graetz ◽  
Hannah Olson ◽  
Zohra Ansari-Thomas ◽  
Laurin Bixby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Life Patterns ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Criminal Legal System
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