scholarly journals Defining relictual biodiversity: Conservation units in speckled dace (Leuciscidae: Rhinichthys osculus ) of the Greater Death Valley ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 10798-10817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Mussmann ◽  
Marlis R. Douglas ◽  
David D. Oakey ◽  
Michael E. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Death Valley ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Rhinichthys Osculus ◽  
Speckled Dace

scholarly journals Defining Relictual Biodiversity: Conservation Units in Speckled Dace (Cyprinidae: Rhinichthys osculus) of the Greater Death Valley Ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Mussmann ◽  
Marlis R. Douglas ◽  
David D. Oakey ◽  
Michael E. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Death Valley ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Multispecies Coalescent ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Outlier Loci ◽  
Rhinichthys Osculus ◽  
Speckled Dace

AbstractThe tips in the tree of life serve as foci for conservation and management, yet clear delimitations are masked by inherent variance at the species-population interface. Analyses using thousands of nuclear loci can potentially sort inconsistencies, yet standard categories applied to this parsing are themselves potentially conflicting and/or subjective [e.g., DPS (distinct population segments); DUs (Diagnosable Units-Canada); MUs (management units); SSP (subspecies); Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs)]. One potential solution for consistent categorization is to create a comparative framework by accumulating statistical results from independent studies and evaluating congruence among data sets. Our study illustrates this approach in speckled dace (Cyprinidae: Rhinichthys osculus) endemic to two basins (Owens and Amargosa) in the Death Valley ecosystem (DVE). These fish persist in the Mojave Desert as isolated Pleistocene-relicts and are of conservation concern, but lack formal taxonomic descriptions/designations. Double-digest RAD (ddRAD) methods identified 14,355 SNP loci across 10 populations (N=140). Species delimitation analyses [multispecies coalescent (MSC) and unsupervised machine learning (UML)] delineated four putative ESUs. FST outlier loci (N=106) were juxtaposed to uncover the potential for localized adaptations. We detected one hybrid population that resulted from upstream reconnection of habitat following contemporary pluvial periods, whereas remaining populations represent relics of ancient tectonism within geographically-isolated springs and groundwater-fed streams. Our study offers three salient conclusions: A blueprint for a multi-faceted delimitation of conservation units; a proposed mechanism by which criteria for intraspecific biodiversity can be potentially standardized; and a strong argument for the proactive management of critically-endangered DVE fishes.

scholarly journals Population genomic analysis of the speckled dace species complex (Rhinichthys osculus) identifies three species-level lineages in California

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxin Su ◽  
Peter B. Moyle ◽  
Matthew A. Campbell ◽  
Amanda J. Finger ◽  
Sean M. O’Rourke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Death Valley ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Geologic History ◽  
Santa Ana ◽  
Long Valley ◽  
Rhinichthys Osculus ◽  
Speckled Dace

The speckled dace ( Rhinichthys osculus ) is small cyprinid fish that is widespread in the Western USA. Currently treated as a single species, speckled dace consists of multiple evolutionary lineages that can be recognized as species and subspecies throughout its range. Recognition of taxonomic distinctiveness of speckled dace populations is important for developing conservation strategies. In this study, we collected samples of speckled dace from 38 locations in the American West, with a focus on California. We used RAD sequencing to extract thousands of SNPs across the genome from samples to identify genetic differences among seven California populations informally recognized as speckled dace subspecies: Amargosa, Owens, Long Valley, Lahontan, Klamath, Sacramento, and Santa Ana speckled dace. We performed principal component analysis, admixture analysis, estimated pairwise Fst, and constructed a phylogeny to explore taxonomic relationships among these groups and test if these subspecies warrant formal recognition. Our analyses show that the seven subspecies fit into three major lineages equivalent to species: western (Sacramento-Klamath), Santa Ana, and Lahontan speckled dace. Death Valley speckled dace were determined to be two lineages (Amargosa and Long Valley) within Lahontan speckled dace. Western and Lahontan speckled dace lineages had branches that can be designated as subspecies. These designations fit well with the geologic history of the region which has promoted long isolation of populations. This study highlights the importance of genetic analysis for conservation and management of freshwater fishes.

Riverscape genetics identifies speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus) cryptic diversity in the Klamath–Trinity Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-127
Author(s):  
Jesse C. Wiesenfeld ◽  
Damon H. Goodman ◽  
Andrew P. Kinziger
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Rhinichthys Osculus ◽  
Speckled Dace

scholarly journals “Aqueles que ainda resistem”: um olhar sobre as disputas territoriais associadas ao processo de regularização fundiária do Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, MG, Brasil / “Those who still resist”: a look on territorial conflicts associated with the process of land regularization at National Park of Serra do Cipó, MG, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (57) ◽  
pp. 420-440
Author(s):  
Altair Sancho Pivoto
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Serra Do Cipó ◽  
Territorial Conflicts ◽  
The Creation

No Brasil, muitas unidades de conservação (UCs) ainda não possuem seus processos de regularização fundiária concluídos. Como resultado, muitas dessas áreas registram até hoje situações de disputas e conflitos, aspecto que complexifica os processos de gestão e conservação da biodiversidade, bem como, interfere diretamente na manutenção de exercícios de territorialidade de muitos moradores. Inspirados nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a situação fundiária do Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó (MG), criado em 1984, bem como os processos de disputa territorial associados. Ancorada em um viés qualitativo, a presente investigação envolveu pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além de entrevistas com analistas do parque e com uma moradora que ainda resiste em permanecer em suas terras, mesmo após a criação do parque.Palavras-chave: Unidades de Conservação, Parques, Conflitos Ambientais, Serra do Cipó (MG)Abstract In Brazil, many conservation units (UCs) still do not have their processes of land regularisation completed. As a result, a lot of them coexist with cases of territorial conflicts, a situation that gives complexity to the management and biodiversity conservation processes, at the same time, interferes directly in the maintenance of territorial practices of some residents. This research aims to analyse the land regularisation at National Park of Serra do Cipó (MG), created on1984, and then some processes of territorial conflicts associated. Based in a qualitative perspective, this investigation involves bibliographic and documental surveys and interviews with park’s employees and a resident who still resists remaining on her lands, even after the creation of the park.Keywords: Conservation units, Parks, Environmental, Serra do Cipó (MG)

scholarly journals UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO CARIOCAS: HISTÓRICO E CENÁRIO ATUAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 890-902
Author(s):  
Bruna Lobo de Mattos Bezerra ◽  
◽  
Paula Koeler Lira
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Management Responsibility ◽  
The City

Protected areas are the main strategy for biodiversity conservation. The Atlantic Forest is a biodiversity hotspot therefore a priority site for establishing protected areas. This work describes the history and current scenario of the Conservation Units (UCs – Unidades de Conservação in Portuguese) – as protected areas are called in Brazil – in Rio de Janeiro municipality. Therefore, this study reports the process of UCs creation in Rio de Janeiro, analyzes how they are distributed among the different categories of the Brazilian National Protected Areas System and spatially throughout the city and, finally, verifies if UCs have a management plan and how they were elaborated. The process of UCs establishment in Rio de Janeiro seems to reflect the world growing concern about environmental issues which resulted in changes in the Brazilian environmental policies. Currently, 24% of the city area is covered by forests and 67% of this forest cover is inside its 60 UCs. This scenario is not as positive as it sounds: (1) half of Rio de Janeiro UCs belongs to a category which might be of little efficiency in conserving biodiversity, (2) the existence of these UCs does not guarantee biodiversity conservation as many seem to be “paper parks” and only 25% of the UCs have its most relevant management tool and (3) most UCs overlap among each other which can lead to uncertainties regarding the management responsibility of the areas that they share. Considering that the city has forest cover below the minimum quantity to maintain biodiversity integrity, the effectiveness of its UCs have to be maximized. This requires that Rio de Janeiro UCs have their limits revised to eliminate their overlaps and have an appropriate management guided through well-designed and frequently updated management plans.

scholarly journals The use of scientific knowledge in the decision making process of environmental public policies in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. A03 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Carneiro ◽  
Teresa da Silva Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
The Way

The way policy makers mobilize scientific knowledge in order to formulate environmental policies is important for understanding the developmental process of environmental policies. Some biodiversity conservation policies, such as those establishing the conservation units and laws on the regulation of land use in protected areas, were selected as objects of analysis. The aim was to see whether political decision makers are supported by scientific knowledge or not. Based on interviews with technical staff from governmental institutions, politicians and scientists, this study analyzed the way the knowledge is mobilized by policy makers concerning measures related to biodiversity conservation in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). We have concluded that environmental policy makers do not normally use the knowledge produced by scientific and academic institutions. Rather than being based on a systematic bibliographic research on environmental issues, the decisions are supported either by personal experience or by expert advice. The measures under analysis were not supported by evidence based on knowledge but motivated by political or economic interests. Paradoxically, policy makers consider themselves sufficiently well informed to make decisions concerning the policy to be implemented.

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