scholarly journals The use of scientific knowledge in the decision making process of environmental public policies in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. A03 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Carneiro ◽  
Teresa da Silva Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
The Way

The way policy makers mobilize scientific knowledge in order to formulate environmental policies is important for understanding the developmental process of environmental policies. Some biodiversity conservation policies, such as those establishing the conservation units and laws on the regulation of land use in protected areas, were selected as objects of analysis. The aim was to see whether political decision makers are supported by scientific knowledge or not. Based on interviews with technical staff from governmental institutions, politicians and scientists, this study analyzed the way the knowledge is mobilized by policy makers concerning measures related to biodiversity conservation in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). We have concluded that environmental policy makers do not normally use the knowledge produced by scientific and academic institutions. Rather than being based on a systematic bibliographic research on environmental issues, the decisions are supported either by personal experience or by expert advice. The measures under analysis were not supported by evidence based on knowledge but motivated by political or economic interests. Paradoxically, policy makers consider themselves sufficiently well informed to make decisions concerning the policy to be implemented.

scholarly journals Mitigating climate-driven animal mass mortality events with resilient native scavenger guilds.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Reboldi ◽  
Stefanie Bonat ◽  
Patricia Mateo Tomás ◽  
Thomas Newsome ◽  
Philip Barton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Wildlife Policy ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Animal Mass ◽  
Climate Events

Climate-driven animal mass mortality events (MMEs) will increase as the magnitude and frequency of extreme weather and climate events worsens due to climate change. Besides resulting in demographic catastrophes for affected species, MMEs adds further pressure to vulnerable ecosystems in several ways. We suggest the protection and restoration of resilient native scavenging guilds are key strategies to build climate-resilient ecosystems. Incorporating this nature-based solution into biodiversity conservation policies will ensure the efficient breakdown and recycling of carcasses back into the environment, and minimise risks of disease spillover to human and wildlife. Policy makers are urged to recognise scavengers as allies in mitigating the negative impacts of climate-driven MMEs on our ecosystems.

From conservation to offsetting and neoliberalization: Institutional change, risks and opportunities in the French context

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-347
Author(s):  
Benoît Prévost ◽  
Audrey Rivaud
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
The Way

Following the institutionalist framework, this paper analyses the way institutional changes affect the representations and strategies of the actors involved in biodiversity conservation. We conducted a survey within the network of the French Conservatoires d'Espaces Naturels after the adoption of the French Biodiversity Law in 2016. The latter introduced several critical changes in the legal framework, especially the enforcement of Avoid–Reduce–Offset principles and the potential development of an offset supply. Our survey shows that these changes in the institutional framework both reduce and increase uncertainties, and raise debates and controversies concerning the way such changes may be interpreted as steps towards a neoliberalization of biodiversity's conservation in France. These results contribute to the debates concerning the processes of environmental policies changes and their consequences.

scholarly journals EXCELLENCE MODEL IN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT: THE CAETÉS ECOLOGICAL STATION CASE

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIANNINA CYSNEIROS BEZERRA ◽  
RENATA MARIA CAMINHA MENDES DE OLIVEIRA CARVALHO ◽  
MARÍLIA REGINA COSTA CASTRO LYRA
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Participatory Management ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Unit Management ◽  
Model Of Excellence

Abstract The Model of Excellence in Public Management (MEGP) stands out for the results from the management of protected areas. This study aimed to analyze the applicability of this model to improve the effectiveness in management of the Pernambuco conservation units. As a reference, the Ecological Station chosen was Caetés, the first State unit deployed with a management plan and participatory management. Adapting the model to the unit management conditions and, through workshops with managers, the MEGP criteria were analyzed, the existing management practices identified and the results presented. The analysis revealed managerial gaps that interfere with the unit management and the use of the model helps to improve it, also improving outcomes for biodiversity conservation policies.

OPTIMALISASI PERAN PEMDA DALAM MENGATASI KENDALA PELAKSANAAN KONSERVASI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI DAERAH (STUDI KASUS PROVINSI BENGKULU)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antung Deddy Radiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Conservation Policies

Gaps in biodiversity conservation management within the Conservation Area that are the responsibility of the central government and outside the Conservation Areas or as the Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA) which are the authority of the Regional Government, have caused various spatial conflicts between wildlife /wild plants and land management activities. Several obstacles faced by the Local Government to conduct its authority to manage (EEA), caused the number and area of EEA determined by the Local Government to be still low. At present only 703,000 ha are determined from the 67 million ha indicated by EEA. This study aims to overview biodiversity conservation policies by local governments and company perceptions in implementing conservation policies and formulate strategies for optimizing the role of Local Governments. From the results of this study, there has not been found any legal umbrella for the implementation of Law number 23/ 2014 related to the conservation of important ecosystems in the regions. This regulatory vacuum leaves the local government in a dilemma for continuing various conservation programs. By using a SWOT to the internal strategic environment and external stratetegic environment of the Environment and Forestry Service, Bengkulu Province , as well as using an analysis of company perceptions of the conservation policies regulatary , this study has been formulated a “survival strategy” through collaboration between the Central Government, Local Governments and the Private Sector to optimize the role of Local Government’s to establish EEA in the regions.Keywords: Management gaps, Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA), Conservation Areas, SWOT analysis and perception analysis

Knowing by Doing: The Role of Geometrical Practice in Aristotle’s Theory of Knowledge

Elenchos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Ugaglia
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
General Process ◽  
The Real ◽  
Analogical Model ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Abstract Aristotle’s way of conceiving the relationship between mathematics and other branches of scientific knowledge is completely different from the way a contemporary scientist conceives it. This is one of the causes of the fact that we look at the mathematical passages we find in Aristotle’s works with the wrong expectation. We expect to find more or less stringent proofs, while for the most part Aristotle employs mere analogies. Indeed, this is the primary function of mathematics when employed in a philosophical context: not a demonstrative tool, but a purely analogical model. In the case of the geometrical examples discussed in this paper, the diagrams are not conceived as part of a formalized proof, but as a work in progress. Aristotle is not interested in the final diagram but in the construction viewed in its process of development; namely in the figure a geometer draws, and gradually modifies, when he tries to solve a problem. The way in which the geometer makes use of the elements of his diagram, and the relation between these elements and his inner state of knowledge is the real feature which interests Aristotle. His goal is to use analogy in order to give the reader an idea of the states of mind involved in a more general process of knowing.

Economic valuation and the commodification of ecosystem services

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Gómez-Baggethun ◽  
Manuel Ruiz-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Valuation Of Ecosystem Services ◽  
Equity Of Access ◽  
The Way

In the last decade a growing number of environmental scientists have advocated economic valuation of ecosystem services as a pragmatic short-term strategy to communicate the value of biodiversity in a language that reflects dominant political and economic views. This paper revisits the controversy on economic valuation of ecosystem services in the light of two aspects that are often neglected in ongoing debates. First, the role of the particular institutional setup in which environmental policy and governance is currently embedded in shaping valuation outcomes. Second, the broader economic and sociopolitical processes that have governed the expansion of pricing into previously non-marketed areas of the environment. Our analysis suggests that within the institutional setup and broader sociopolitical processes that have become prominent since the late 1980s economic valuation is likely to pave the way for the commodification of ecosystem services with potentially counterproductive effects in the long term for biodiversity conservation and equity of access to ecosystem services benefits.

Assessing 30 Years of Neoliberal Environmental Management in Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javiera Barandiarán
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Mutual Accountability

Neoliberal environmental policies operate through markets, including for carbon, water, ecosystem services, or—as in contemporary Chile—for environmental scientific knowledge. Chile illustrates how markets for science operate, such as for monitoring data or environmental impact assessments, and their negative impacts on public trust in science and on the state’s regulatory efforts. In a society governed by a market for science, environmental scientists cannot escape the suspicion that conflicts of interest compromise their independence and the credibility of their work. Chile’s neoliberal 1980 Constitution sustains this market for knowledge but will be reformed following national demonstrations in 2019. The health of Chile’s environment depends on a new constitution that democratizes both democracy and science. Rights of nature doctrines, as in Ecuador’s 2008 Constitution, can provide the constitutional foundation for strong mutual accountability between science, the state, society, and nature.

Deliberative Democracy and Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 639-654
Author(s):  
Alfred Moore
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Consensus Conferences ◽  
Scientific Knowledge Production ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
Emergence Of Institutions

What might a deliberative politics of science look like? This chapter addresses this question by bringing together science studies and the theories and practices of deliberative democracy. This chapter begins by discussing the importance of considering the role of deliberation within scientific communities and institutions, particularly as it bears on the production of scientific judgments and decisions at the boundary between science and politics. The chapter then discusses the emergence of institutions for communicating scientific knowledge to policy-makers, public officials and citizens, which include not only expert tribunals but also the development of citizen panels, consensus conferences, and other forms of mini-publics. Finally, the chapter considers the role of “uninvited” ’ participation in science, emphasizing the role of social movements and critical civil society in both challenging and informing scientific knowledge production.

Aristotle’s Definition of Scientific Knowledge (APo 71b 9–12)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Angioni
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Posterior Analytics ◽  
Way Of Knowing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

In Posterior Analytics 71b9–12, we find Aristotle’s definition of scientific knowledge. The definiens is taken to have only two informative parts: scientific knowledge must be knowledge of the cause and its object must be necessary. However, there is also a contrast between the definiendum and a sophistic way of knowing, which is marked by the expression “kata sumbebekos”. Not much attention has been paid to this contrast. In this paper, I discuss Aristotle’s definition paying due attention to this contrast and to the way it interacts with the two conditions presented in the definiens. I claim that the “necessity” condition ammounts to explanatory appropriateness of the cause.

Secularization, Integration and Rationalization: Some Perspectives from Latin American Thought

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Latin American Thought ◽  
Firing Line ◽  
American Thought

For the past couple of decades the Latin Americans, like their brethren in Africa and Asia, have been hell-bent in search of ‘development’ or ‘modernization’. While the Latin Americans were on the firing line, scholars and policy-makers in both the rich nations and the poor nations were involved in setting out an intellectual framework for analyzing the developmental process. New concepts to explain the meaning of development were devised; innovative measurements to gauge the level of development were proposed; a new vocabulary to capture the nuances of development was put forth.

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