scholarly journals Dietary specialization is conditionally associated with increased ant predation risk in a temperate forest caterpillar community

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 12099-12112
Author(s):  
Michael S. Singer ◽  
Robert E. Clark ◽  
Emily R. Johnson ◽  
Isaac H. Lichter‐Marck ◽  
Kailen A. Mooney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Dietary Specialization ◽  
Ant Predation

scholarly journals Behavioral Responses of Wild Rodents to Owl Calls in an Austral Temperate Forest

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Mᵃ Carmen Hernández ◽  
Denise M. Jara-Stapfer ◽  
Ana Muñoz ◽  
Cristian Bonacic ◽  
Isabel Barja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Rodent Control ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Predator Species

Ecologically based rodent management strategies are arising as a sustainable approach to rodent control, allowing us to preserve biodiversity while safeguarding human economic activities. Despite predator signals being known to generally repel rodents, few field-based studies have compared the behavioral effects of several predators on different prey species, especially in Neotropical ecosystems. Here, we used camera traps to study the behavior of rodent species native to the Chilean temperate forest (Abrothrix spp., long-tailed pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys longicaudatus) and an introduced rodent (black rat Rattus rattus). Using playbacks of raptor calls, we experimentally exposed rodents to three predation risk treatments: austral pygmy owl calls (Glaucidium nana), rufous-legged owl calls (Strix rufipes) and a control treatment (absence of owl calls). We evaluated the effects of the treatments on the time allocated to three behaviors: feeding time, locomotor activity and vigilance. Moonlight and vegetation cover were also considered in the analyses, as they can modify perceived predation risk. Results showed that predator calls and environmental factors modified prey behavior depending not only on the predator species, but also on the rodent species. Consequently, owl playbacks could be regarded as a promising rodent control tool, knowing that future studies would be critical to deeply understand differences between species in order to select the most effective predator cues.

Elevated nest predation risk promotes offspring size variation in birds with prolonged parental care.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen F. Wagner ◽  
Emeline Mourocq ◽  
Michael Griesser
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Natural Predation ◽  
Risk Spreading

Predation of offspring is the main cause of reproductive failure in many species, and the mere fear of offspring predation shapes reproductive strategies. Yet, natural predation risk is ubiquitously variable and can be unpredictable. Consequently, the perceived prospect of predation early in a reproductive cycle may not reflect the actual risk to ensuing offspring. An increased variance in investment across offspring has been linked to breeding in unpredictable environments in several taxa, but has so far been overlooked as a maternal response to temporal variation in predation risk. Here, we experimentally increased the perceived risk of nest predation prior to egg-laying in seven bird species. Species with prolonged parent-offspring associations increased their intra-brood variation in egg, and subsequently offspring, size. High risk to offspring early in a reproductive cycle can favour a risk-spreading strategy particularly in species with the greatest opportunity to even out offspring quality after fledging.

Soil microbial community response to nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization in a temperate forest nursery

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Razaq ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad Haider ◽  
Salah Uddin ◽  
Liu Chunping ◽  
Hai-Long Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Soil Microbial
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