scholarly journals Intergenerational paternal effect of adult density in Drosophila melanogaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 3553-3563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purbasha Dasgupta ◽  
Saubhik Sarkar ◽  
Akankshya A. Das ◽  
Tanya Verma ◽  
Bodhisatta Nandy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Paternal Effect

Genetic characterization of ms (3) K81, a paternal effect gene of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
G K Yasuda ◽  
G Schubiger ◽  
B T Wakimoto
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Paternal Effect ◽  
Developmental Arrest ◽  
Effect Gene

Abstract The vast majority of known male sterile mutants of Drosophila melanogaster fail to produce mature sperm or mate properly. The ms(3) K81(1) mutation is one of a rare class of male sterile mutations in which sterility is caused by developmental arrest after sperm entry into the egg. Previous studies showed that males homozygous for the K81(1) mutation produce progeny that arrest at either of two developmental stages. Most embryos arrest during early nuclear cycles, whereas the remainder are haploid embryos that arrest at a later stage. This description of the mutant phenotype was based on the analysis of a single allele isolated from a natural population. It was therefore unclear whether this unique paternal effect phenotype reflected the normal function of the gene. The genetic analysis and initial molecular characterization of five new K81 mutations are described here. Hemizygous conditions and heteroallelic combinations of the alleles were associated with male sterility caused by defects in embryogenesis. No other mutant phenotypes were observed. Thus, the K81 gene acted as a strict paternal effect gene. Moreover, the biphasic pattern of developmental arrest was common to all the alleles. These findings strongly suggested that the unusual embryonic phenotype caused by all five new alleles was due to loss of function of the K81+ gene. The K81 gene is therefore the first clear example of a strict paternal effect gene in Drosophila. Based on the embryonic lethal phenotypes, we suggest that the K81+ gene encodes a sperm-specific product that is essential for the male pronucleus to participate in the first few embryonic nuclear divisions.

scholarly journals Intergenerational paternal effect of adult density in Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purbasha Dasgupta ◽  
Saubhik Sarkar ◽  
Akankshya A. Das ◽  
Tanya Verma ◽  
Bodhisatta Nandy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Significant Treatment Effect ◽  
Male Fitness ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Significant Treatment

AbstractNotwithstanding recent evidences, paternal environment is thought to be a potential but unlikely source of fitness variation that can affect trait evolution. Here we studied intergenerational effects of males’ exposure to varying adult density in Drosophila melanogaster laboratory populations.We held sires at normal (N), medium (M) and high (H) adult densities for two days before allowing them to mate with virgin females. This treatment did not introduce selection through differential mortality. Further, we randomly paired males and females and allowed a single round of mating between the sires and the dams. We then collected eggs from the dams and measured the egg size. Finally, we investigated the effect of the paternal treatment on juvenile and adult (male) fitness components.We found a significant treatment effect on juvenile competitive ability where the progeny sired by the H-males had higher competitive ability. Since we did not find the treatment to affect egg size, this effect is unlikely to be mediated through variation in female provisioning.Male fitness components were also found to have a significant treatment effect: M-sons had lower dry weight at eclosion, higher mating latency and lower competitive mating success.While being the first study to show both adaptive and non-adaptive effect of the paternal density in Drosophila, our results highlight the importance of considering paternal environment as important source of fitness variation.

Interspecific competition between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans: Effects of adult

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Moth
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Species Frequency ◽  
Tissue Content ◽  
Strain Frequency ◽  
Percentage Data

The hatchability of eggs laid by D. simulans st and D. melanogaster Or-R-C in consecutive 12-hour periods was measured for the first seven days post eclosion in a replicated experiment where adult density at six levels, species frequency at two levels, and 32P tissue content at two levels were varied factorially. A similar experiment was done for D. simulans st and D. melanogaster yw. In both experiments, all unhatched eggs were classified as either dead or infertile. Least-squares analyses of variance on arcsine-transformed percentage data indicated that the three strains produced significantly different proportions of hatched, dead, and infertile eggs. Increased adult density significantly decreased the proportion of hatched eggs (and increased the proportion of dead eggs) for D. simulans st and D. melanogaster Or-R-C, but not for D. melanogaster yw. Effects of strain frequency were not significant for D. simulans st or D. melanogaster Or-R-C, but for D. melanogaster yw higher hatchability and lower proportions of infertile eggs were obtained in pure populations. Hatchability varied between periods; changes in hatchability being random (but significant) for D. melanogaster yw, and consistent (but not significant) for D. simulans st (a decrease in hatchability with time) and D. melanogaster Or-R-C (an increase with time). The competing strain of D. melanogaster did not influence the proportions of hatched, dead or infertile eggs from D. simulans st.

scholarly journals Increasing adult density compromises anti-bacterial defense in Drosophila melanogaster

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paresh Nath Das ◽  
Aabeer Kumar Basu ◽  
Nagaraj Guru Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Adult Drosophila

The density-dependent prophylaxis hypothesis predicts that risk of pathogen transmission increases with increase in population density, and in response to this, organisms mount a prophylactic immune response when exposed to high density. This prophylactic response is expected to help organisms improve their chances of survival when exposed to pathogens. Alternatively, organisms living at high densities can exhibit compromised defense against pathogens due to lack of resources and density associated physiological stress; the density stress hypothesis. We housed adult Drosophila melanogaster flies at different densities and measured the effect this has on their post-infection survival and resistance to starvation. We find that flies housed at higher densities show greater mortality after being infected with bacterial pathogens, while also exhibiting increased resistance to starvation. Our results are more in line with the density-stress hypothesis that postulates a compromised immune system when hosts are subjected to high densities.

Artificial and Epigenetic Regulation of the I Factor, a Nonviral Retrotransposon of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 1867-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Gauthier ◽  
Christophe Tatout ◽  
Hubert Pinon
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Paternal Effects ◽  
Transgene Copy Number ◽  
Paternal Effect ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
I Factor

Abstract The I factor (IF) is a LINE-like transposable element from Drosophila melanogaster. IF is silenced in most strains, but under special circumstances its transposition can be induced and correlates with the appearance of a syndrome of female sterility called hybrid dysgenesis. To elucidate the relationship between IF expression and female sterility, different transgenic antisense and/or sense RNAs homologous to the IF ORF1 have been expressed. Increasing the transgene copy number decreases both the expression of an IF-lacZ fusion and the intensity of the female sterile phenotype, demonstrating that IF expression is correlated with sterility. Some transgenes, however, exert their repressive abilities not only through a copy number-dependent zygotic effect, but also through additional maternal and paternal effects that may be induced at the DNA and/or RNA level. Properties of the maternal effect have been detailed: (1) it represses hybrid dysgenesis more efficiently than does the paternal effect; (2) its efficacy increases with both the transgene copy number and the aging of sterile females; (3) it accumulates slowly over generations after the transgene has been established; and (4) it is maintained for at least two generations after transgene removal. Conversely, the paternal effect increases only with female aging. The last two properties of the maternal effect and the genuine existence of a paternal effect argue for the occurrence, in the IF regulation pathway, of a cellular memory transmitted through mitosis, as well as through male and female meiosis, and akin to epigenetic phenomena.

scholarly journals Pre-dispersal conditions and presence of opposite sex modulate density dependence and sex bias of dispersal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Mishra ◽  
Sudipta Tung ◽  
V.R. Shree Sruti ◽  
Mohammed Aamir Sadiq ◽  
Sahana Srivathsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Evolutionary Rescue ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Density Dependent Dispersal

ABSTRACTDensity-dependent dispersal (DDD) has been demonstrated in many species and has several ecological and evolutionary consequences. Yet we know little about how robust DDD is to the various conditions experienced by individuals. In this study, we use three independent experiments on laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster to examine the effects of pre-dispersal adult density, sex of the dispersers and presence of mates on the robustness of DDD patterns. We show that DDD can be greatly affected by both pre-dispersal density and interaction between the sexes. Moreover, the direction of sex-biased dispersal can reverse completely due to an interaction between the pre-dispersal and dispersal densities. We also show that interaction between the sexes can lead to negative DDD at the population level, even if, by themselves, neither sex exhibits DDD. Finally, we discuss potential implications of our results for processes like evolutionary rescue from extinctions and genetic divergence of populations.

Author response for "Location and arrangement of campaniform sensilla in Drosophila melanogaster"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa F. Dinges ◽  
Alexander S. Chockley ◽  
Till Bockemühl ◽  
Kei Ito ◽  
Alexander Blanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla
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