scholarly journals Genetic differentiation and asymmetric gene flow among Carpathian brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) populations—Implications for conservation of transboundary populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1501-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Matosiuk ◽  
Wojciech Śmietana ◽  
Magdalena Czajkowska ◽  
Ladislav Paule ◽  
Jozef Štofik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear

Nuclear DNA microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity and gene flow in the Scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos)

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisette Waits ◽  
Pierre Taberlet ◽  
Jon E. Swenson ◽  
Finn Sandegren ◽  
Robert Franzen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Dna Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Dna Microsatellite

scholarly journals Genetic and demographic recovery of an isolated population of brown bearUrsus arctosL., 1758

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena G. Gonzalez ◽  
Juan C. Blanco ◽  
Fernando Ballesteros ◽  
Lourdes Alcaraz ◽  
Guillermo Palomero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Cantabrian Mountains ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northwestern Spain

The brown bearUrsus arctosL., 1758 population of the Cantabrian Mountains (northwestern Spain) became isolated from other bear populations in Europe about 500 years ago and has declined due to hunting and habitat degradation. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Cantabrian population split into eastern and western subpopulations, and genetic exchange between them ceased. In the early 1990s, total population size was estimated to be < 100 bears. Subsequently, reduction in human-caused mortality has brought about an increase in numbers, mainly in the western subpopulation, likely promoting male-mediated migration and gene flow from the western nucleus to the eastern. To evaluate the possible genetic recovery of the small and genetically depauperate eastern subpopulation, in 2013 and 2014 we genotyped hair and faeces samples (116 from the eastern subpopulation and 36 from the western) for 18 microsatellite markers. Data from the annual count of females with cubs of the year (COY) during the past twenty-six years was used to analyze demographic changes. The number of females with COY fell to a minimum of seven in the western and three in eastern subpopulations in the biennium 1993–1994 and reached a respective maximum of 54 and 10 individuals in 2013–2014. We also observed increased bear dispersal and gene flow, mainly from the western to the eastern subpopulation. Of the 26 unique genotypes detected in the eastern subpopulation, 14 (54%) presented an admixture composition, and seven (27%) were determined to be migrants from the western subpopulation. Hence, the two separated and clearly structured subpopulations identified in the past currently show some degree of genetic admixture. This research shows the partial demographic recovery and a change in genetic composition due to migration process in a population of bears that has been isolated for several centuries.

scholarly journals Not exodus, but population increase and gene flow restoration in Cantabrian brown bear (Ursus arctos) subpopulations. Comment on Gregório et al. 2020

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0240698
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Blanco ◽  
Fernando Ballesteros ◽  
Guillermo Palomero ◽  
José Vicente López-Bao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Flow Restoration

scholarly journals Admixture and Gene Flow from Russia in the Recovering Northern European Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e97558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kopatz ◽  
Hans Geir Eiken ◽  
Jouni Aspi ◽  
Ilpo Kojola ◽  
Camilla Tobiassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Northern European

scholarly journals Paternal phylogeographic structure of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in northeastern Asia and the effect of male-mediated gene flow to insular populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Hirata ◽  
Tsutomu Mano ◽  
Alexei V. Abramov ◽  
Gennady F. Baryshnikov ◽  
Pavel A. Kosintsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Northeastern Asia ◽  
Insular Populations

Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) Habitat Use and Food Resources on Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Farley ◽  
Herman Griese ◽  
Rick Sinnott ◽  
Jessica Coltrane ◽  
Chris Garner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Air Force Base

scholarly journals Using Landscape Change Analysis and Stakeholder Perspective to Identify Driving Forces of Human–Wildlife Interactions

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Mihai Mustățea ◽  
Ileana Pătru-Stupariu
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Change ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Stakeholder Perspective ◽  
Forested Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Habitats

Human–wildlife interactions (HWI) were frequent in the post-socialist period in the mountain range of Central European countries where forest habitats suffered transitions into built-up areas. Such is the case of the Upper Prahova Valley from Romania. In our study, we hypothesized that the increasing number of HWI after 1990 could be a potential consequence of woodland loss. The goal of our study was to analyse the effects of landscape changes on HWI. The study consists of the next steps: (i) applying 450 questionnaires to local stakeholders (both citizens and tourists) in order to collect data regarding HWI temporal occurrences and potential triggering factors; (ii) investigating the relation between the two variables through the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA); (iii) modelling the landscape spatial changes between 1990 and 2018 for identifying areas with forest loss; (iv) overlapping the distribution of both the households affected by HWI and areas with loss of forested ecosystems. The local stakeholders indicate that the problematic species are the brown bear (Ursus arctos), the wild boar (Sus scrofa), the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the grey wolf (Canis lupus). The number of animal–human interactions recorded an upward trend between 1990 and 2018, and the most significant driving factors were the regulation of hunting practices, the loss of habitats, and artificial feeding. The landscape change analysis reveals that between 1990 and 2018, the forest habitats were replaced by built-up areas primarily on the outskirts of settlements, these areas coinciding with frequent HWI. The results are valid for both forest ecosystems conservation in the region, wildlife management, and human infrastructures durable spatial planning.

Shallow genetic divergence and distinct phenotypic differences between two Andean hummingbirds: Speciation with gene flow?

The Auk ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Palacios ◽  
Silvana García-R ◽  
Juan Luis Parra ◽  
Andrés M Cuervo ◽  
F Gary Stiles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
The Face ◽  
Gloger’S Rule ◽  
Divergence With Gene Flow ◽  
Neutral Markers

Abstract Ecological speciation can proceed despite genetic interchange when selection counteracts the homogenizing effects of migration. We tested predictions of this divergence-with-gene-flow model in Coeligena helianthea and C. bonapartei, 2 parapatric Andean hummingbirds with marked plumage divergence. We sequenced putatively neutral markers (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA] and nuclear ultraconserved elements [UCEs]) to examine genetic structure and gene flow, and a candidate gene (MC1R) to assess its role underlying divergence in coloration. We also tested the prediction of Gloger’s rule that darker forms occur in more humid environments, and examined morphological variation to assess adaptive mechanisms potentially promoting divergence. Genetic differentiation between species was low in both ND2 and UCEs. Coalescent estimates of migration were consistent with divergence with gene flow, but we cannot reject incomplete lineage sorting reflecting recent speciation as an explanation for patterns of genetic variation. MC1R variation was unrelated to phenotypic differences. Species did not differ in macroclimatic niches but were distinct in morphology. Although we reject adaptation to variation in macroclimatic conditions as a cause of divergence, speciation may have occurred in the face of gene flow driven by other ecological pressures or by sexual selection. Marked phenotypic divergence with no neutral genetic differentiation is remarkable for Neotropical birds, and makes C. helianthea and C. bonapartei an appropriate system in which to search for the genetic basis of species differences employing genomics.

The Use of Protein Electrophoresis for Determining Species Boundaries in Amphipods

Crustaceana ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
A Value ◽  
Electrophoretic Data

AbstractThe use of protein electrophoretic data for determining species boundaries in amphipods is addressed. Analysis of published literature on genetic differentiation in amphipods showed that pairs of allopatric populations which have genetic identities (I) above a value of 0.85 probably represent intraspecific populations, whereas pairs of populations which have genetic identities below about 0.45 probably represent different species. It was recommended that if I values fall between 0.45 and 0.85, additional factors such as evidence of a lack of gene flow between the populations, and concordant morphological variation should be considered.

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