scholarly journals Tolerance to multiple climate stressors: a case study of Douglas‐fir drought and cold hardiness

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2074-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheel Bansal ◽  
Constance A. Harrington ◽  
John Bradley St. Clair
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Douglas Fir

Genetic variation in fall cold hardiness in coastal Douglas-fir in western Oregon and Washington

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 1110-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bradley St. Clair
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Bud Set

Genetic variation in fall cold damage in coastal Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii ) was measured by exposing excised branches of seedlings from 666 source locations grown in a common garden to freezing temperatures in a programmable freezer. Considerable variation was found among populations in fall cold hardiness of stems, needles, and buds compared with bud burst, bud set, and biomass growth after 2 years. Variation in fall cold hardiness was strongly correlated (r = 0.67) with cold-season temperatures of the source environment. Large population differences corresponding with environmental gradients are evidence that natural selection has been important in determining genetic variation in fall cold hardiness, much more so than in traits of bud burst (a surrogate for spring cold hardiness), bud set, and growth. Seed movement guidelines and breeding zones may be more restrictive when considering genetic variation in fall cold hardiness compared with growth, phenology, or spring cold hardiness. A regional stratification system based on ecoregions with latitudinal and elevational divisions, and roughly corresponding with breeding zones used in Oregon and Washington, appeared to be adequate for minimizing population differences within regions for growth and phenology, but perhaps not fall cold hardiness. Although cold hardiness varied among populations, within-population and within-region variation is sufficiently large that responses to natural or artificial selection may be readily achieved.

Growth, phenology, and cold hardiness of 32 Douglas-fir full-sib families

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1821-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Hawkins ◽  
M. Stoehr
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Sib Families

Thirty-two full-sib families of coastal Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) with a range of predicted breeding values were monitored for growth rate, phenology, and cold hardiness over 2 years on two sites to investigate if other traits are being selected when family selection is based on height. Significant differences among families existed in most phenological, growth, and cold-hardiness traits. On average, taller families burst bud later but did not have significantly different growth rates or length of growing period than other families. We found no significant correlations between family date of bud burst and cold hardiness in late spring or between duration of shoot growth or height and autumn freezing damage. Family differences in freezing tolerance were greatest in September and October. In these months, family current-year leaf nitrogen was positively correlated with cold hardiness. Families that were most hardy in the autumn were not the most hardy families in spring. We conclude that, for the studied breeding series, selection based on height does not have a significant impact on cold hardiness. We found no consistent relationships between phenological, growth, or cold-hardiness parameters and final height that could explain family ranking by height. Relationships between grandparent elevation and dates of bud burst and cold hardiness were observed.

Standards for Regeneration Establishment in Canada: A Case Study for Douglas-fir

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Brand ◽  
G. F. Weetman
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Level ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Projection Technique ◽  
Tree Establishment ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Commercial Species

Most stresses and hazards affecting plantation success occur during the initial establishment period. Ensuring that new stands are fully stocked with commercial species, growing acceptably, and not likely to be suppressed by brush or damaged by insects and animals, are the goals of regeneration silviculture. To focus silviculture efforts, the concept of the free to grow plantation has evolved. This paper discusses proposed criteria for setting quantifiable, biologically-based free-to-grow standards. A case study using Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesil (Mirb.) Franco) illustrates how free-to-grow standards could be developed. The process first requires identification of the factor or stress limiting growth. Then, free-to-growth standards are based on defining a threshold level of the factor for successful tree establishment and applying a projection technique to estimate whether the trees currently below the threshold are in danger of exceeding it.

Short-day treatment alters Douglas-fir seedling dehardening and transplant root proliferation at varying rhizosphere temperatures

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1526-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglass F. Jacobs ◽  
Anthony S. Davis ◽  
Barrett C. Wilson ◽  
R. Kasten Dumroese ◽  
Rosa C. Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Root Proliferation ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Short Day

We tested effects of shortened day length during nursery culture on Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedling development at dormancy release. Seedlings from a 42°N source were grown either under ambient photoperiods (long-day (LD)) or with a 28 day period of 9 h light : 15 h dark photoperiods (short-day (SD)). Seedlings were periodically removed from freezer storage from January to May. Sensitivity of plant tissues to cold temperatures was investigated via electrolyte leakage at nine test temperatures ranging from 2 to –40 °C. New root growth was assessed with rhizosphere temperatures of 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C. From 2 to –13 °C, there was no difference between treatments in cold hardiness. However, at or below –18 °C, LD seedlings exhibited higher indices of damage than SD seedlings. The LT50 (temperature at which 50% cell electrolyte leakage occurred) was consistently lower for SD than LD seedlings. Rhizosphere temperature differentially influenced new root proliferation: LD seedlings had greater new root production than SD seedlings at 20 °C, whereas the opposite response was detected at 10 °C. Our results confirm photoperiod sensitivity of Douglas-fir sources from relatively low (i.e., <45°N) latitudes. Increased spring cold hardiness and greater rooting at lower rhizosphere temperatures may improve field performance potential of SD-treated seedlings.

Impact of climate change on cold hardiness of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii): environmental and genetic considerations

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3814-3826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheel Bansal ◽  
J. Bradley St. Clair ◽  
Constance A. Harrington ◽  
Peter J. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change

scholarly journals HEAT STRESS TOLERANCE AND SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT IN CONIFER SEEDLINGS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1085c-1085
Author(s):  
Karen E. Burr ◽  
Stephen J. Wanner ◽  
Richard W. Tinus
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance

It is not known when changes in primary direct heat stress tolerance of conifer seedlings occur in relation to other seasonally changing physiological parameters. This information should be incorporated into nursery practices and the matching of genotypes to landscape sites. Greenhouse-cultured, container-grown Douglas-fir, Engelmann spruce, and ponderosa pine. were cold acclimated and reacclimated in growth chambers over 19 weeks. Direct heat stress tolerance of needles, cold hardiness, and bud dormancy were measured weekly. Douglas-fir and Engelmann spruce heat stress tolerance increased with the development of new growth through one complete growth cycle, i.e., bud break, maturation, cold hardening, dehardening, and bud break the following growing season. Ponderosa pine differed in that new needles had intermediate tolerance, and fully cold hardy needles were the most intolerant. In none of the species did the timing of changes in heat stress tolerance coincide consistently with changes in cold hardiness or bud dormancy.

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