scholarly journals Warning coloration can be disruptive: aposematic marginal wing patterning in the wood tiger moth

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
pp. 4863-4874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Honma ◽  
Johanna Mappes ◽  
Janne K. Valkonen
Keyword(s):  
Warning Coloration ◽  
Tiger Moth

scholarly journals Out in the open: behavior’s effect on predation risk and thermoregulation by aposematic caterpillars

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E Nielsen ◽  
Johanna Mappes
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Warning Coloration ◽  
Small Patch ◽  
Potential Explanation ◽  
Aposematic Coloration ◽  
Tiger Moth

Abstract Warning coloration should be under strong stabilizing selection but often displays considerable intraspecific variation. Opposing selection on color by predators and temperature is one potential explanation for this seeming paradox. Despite the importance of behavior for both predator avoidance and thermoregulation, its role in mediating selection by predators and temperature on warning coloration has received little attention. Wood tiger moth caterpillars, Arctia plantaginis, have aposematic coloration, an orange patch on the black body. The size of the orange patch varies considerably: individuals with larger patches are safer from predators, but having a small patch is beneficial in cool environments. We investigated microhabitat preference by these caterpillars and how it interacted with their coloration. We expected caterpillar behavior to reflect a balance between spending time exposed to maximize basking and spending time concealed to avoid detection by predators. Instead, we found that caterpillars preferred exposed locations regardless of their coloration. Whether caterpillars were exposed or concealed had a strong effect on both temperature and predation risk, but caterpillars in exposed locations were both much warmer and less likely to be attacked by a bird predator (great tits, Parus major). This shared optimum may explain why we observed so little variation in caterpillar behavior and demonstrates the important effects of behavior on multiple functions of coloration.

Aposematism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme D. Ruxton ◽  
William L. Allen ◽  
Thomas N. Sherratt ◽  
Michael P. Speed
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Warning Coloration ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Initial Evolution ◽  
The Common ◽  
Aposematic Signals

Aposematism is the pairing of two kinds of defensive phenotype: an often repellent secondary defence that typically renders prey unprofitable to predators if they attack them and some evolved signal that indicates the presence of that defence. Aposematic signals often work to modify the behaviours of predators both before and during attacks. Warning coloration, for example, may increase wariness and hence improve the chances that a chemically defended prey is released unharmed after an attack. An aposematic signal may therefore first tend to reduce the probability that a predator commences attack (a primary defence) and then (as a component of secondary defence) reduce the probability that the prey is injured or killed during any subsequent attack. In this chapter we will consider both the primary and the secondary effects of aposematic signals on prey protection. We begin first by describing the common features of aposematic signals and attempting to show the wide use to which aposematic signalling is deployed across animals (and perhaps plants too). We then review the interesting evolutionary issues aposematic signals raise, including their initial evolution and their integration with sexual and other signals. We also discuss important ecological, co-evolutionary, and macroevolutionary consequences of aposematism.

Sound strategy: acoustic aposematism in the bat–tiger moth arms race

2005 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolay I. Hristov ◽  
William E. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Arms Race ◽  
Tiger Moth

Male of Spilarctia mikeli Bolotov, Kondakov & Spitsyn, 2018, an endemic species from Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Archipelago (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4975 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
VITALY M. SPITSYN ◽  
ALEXANDER V. KONDAKOV ◽  
ALENA A. TOMILOVA ◽  
ELIZAVETA A. SPITSYNA ◽  
IVAN N. BOLOTOV
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Female Specimen ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Tiger Moth ◽  
First Time

The Lepidoptera fauna of the island of Flores (Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia) shares a large proportion of endemic species, which may reach 80–100% in several groups (Zolotuhin & Witt 2005; Nässig et al. 2009; Zolotuhin 2009; Nässig & Bouyer 2010; Yakovlev 2015; Spitsyn & Potapov 2020; Spitsyn & Bolotov 2020). A plethora of new species was described from this island during the last 15 years, e.g. the tiger moth Spilarctia mikeli Bolotov, Kondakov & Spitsyn, 2018 (Zolotuhin & Witt 2005; Yakovlev 2006; Spitsyn & Bolotov 2020a, b, c). This species was described based on a single female specimen collected in West Flores (Bolotov et al. 2018). In the present paper, we describe the male of Spilarctia mikeli for the first time, and illustrate variability of marking patterns of both the male and the female of this species. 

New occurrences, morphology, and imaginal phenology of the rarest Arctic tiger moth Arctia tundrana (Erebidae: Arctiinae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Ivan N. Bolotov ◽  
Vitaly M. Spitsyn ◽  
Evgeny S. Babushkin ◽  
Elisaveta A. Spitsyna ◽  
Yulia S. Kolosova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Set ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Tiger Moth ◽  
Species Occurrences ◽  
New Occurrences

This study (1) displays markings pattern of male and female specimens of Arctia tundrana from various parts of its broad range; (2) illustrates a paratype male specimen of this species with its genitalia and aedeagus; (3) presents a few additional occurrences of A. tundrana supplementing the data set published in our earlier paper (Bolotov et al. 2015); (4) provides an updated map of the species’ occurrences; and (5) discusses its imaginal phenology based on long-term occurrence data.

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