scholarly journals Weighty decisions: How symptom severity and weight impact perceptions of bulimia nervosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1035-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Galbraith ◽  
JoAnna Elmquist ◽  
Marney A. White ◽  
Carlos M. Grilo ◽  
Janet A. Lydecker
Keyword(s):  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Weight Impact

Changes in psychopathology and symptom severity in bulimia nervosa between 1993 and 2003

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda S. Vaught ◽  
W. Stewart Agras ◽  
Susan W. Bryson ◽  
Scott J. Crow ◽  
Katherine A. Halmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Symptom Severity

scholarly journals Characteristic impairments of goal-directed and habitual control in bulimia nervosa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Nunes ◽  
Thomas J. Helson ◽  
Laura M. Dixon ◽  
Thomas P. Trappenberg ◽  
Aaron R. Keshen
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Trial Analysis ◽  
Disorder Symptom

AbstractThe relationship between clinical eating disorder symptom severity and balance of model-based (MB) and model-free (MF) control is unclear, and these traits’ predictive capacity is untested in this population. In 25 healthy controls (HCs), 25 subjects with binge eating disorder (BED), and 25 subjects with bulimia nervosa (BN), we show an inverse relationship between symptom severity and MB (though not MF) control. However, trial-by-trial behavioural data discriminated BN from other groups (area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.78; 95% CI=0.64–0.92) based primarily on impaired MF control. Our data—including analyses of reaction time and theory-driven computational modeling—support the hypothesis that among pathological binge eating groups, BN may be characterized by impaired value function learning. Our results suggest that trial-by-trial analysis of behavioural data may provide unique insights into the BN phenotype, which may thus be computationally distinct from the related disorder of BED and the HC state.

Symptom fluctuation in bulimia nervosa: relation to menstrual-cycle phase and cortisol levels

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. LESTER ◽  
P. K. KEEL ◽  
S. F. LIPSON
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Bulimic Symptoms ◽  
Bulimic Symptom ◽  
Contrast Analysis

Background. Individuals with bulimia nervosa report significant symptom fluctuation, and some studies have suggested a premenstrual exacerbation of binge frequency. The purpose of this study is to explore the hormonal correlates of symptom fluctuation in bulimia nervosa.Method. For five consecutive weeks (one full menstrual cycle), eight women with bulimia nervosa and eight non-eating-disordered control women collected morning saliva samples and recorded several mood characteristics; the bulimic women also recorded binge and purge episodes. Subsequently, salivary cortisol and androgen levels were determined by radioimmunoassay.Results. Bulimic symptoms were exacerbated in both the mid-luteal and premenstrual phases, when compared with the follicular and ovulatory phases (F(3,21)=3·76, P=0·026; contrast analysis t(7)=3·47, P<0·01). Fluctuation in cortisol was closely correlated with fluctuation of bulimic symptoms, with elevated cortisol secretion following symptom exacerbation (r(24)=0·64, P=0·001).Conclusions. Bulimic symptom fluctuation appears to be related to two hormonal phenomena – phase of the menstrual cycle and cortisol secretion – with menstrual-cycle phase influencing bulimic symptom severity, and bulimic symptom severity effecting increases in cortisol secretion. Improved understanding of the hormonal causes and consequences of symptom fluctuation may lead to improved psychological and pharmacological treatments for bulimia nervosa.

Elevated total plasma-adiponectin is stable over time in young women with bulimia nervosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Syk ◽  
M. Ramklint ◽  
R. Fredriksson ◽  
L. Ekselius ◽  
J.L. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination

AbstractBackgroundBulimia nervosa (BN) is characterized by dysregulated eating behaviour and present data suggest adipokines may regulate food intake. We investigated a possible association between BN and adipokine levels and hypothesized that plasma (P)-adiponectin would be elevated and P-leptin and P-leptin-adiponectin-ratio would be reduced in women with BN.MethodsThe study was designed as a cross-sectional study with a longitudinal arm for patients with BN. Plasma-adiponectin and leptin was measured in 148 female patients seeking psychiatric ambulatory care and 45 female controls. Fifteen patients were diagnosed with BN and the remaining with other affective and anxiety disorders. P-adiponectin and P-leptin levels were compared between patients with BN, patients without BN and controls. At follow-up 1–2 years later, adipokines were reassessed in patients with BN and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire was used to assess symptom severity.ResultsP-adiponectin was elevated in patients with BN at baseline and at follow-up when compared to patients without BN and controls (P < 0.004 and < 0.008 respectively). The difference remained significant after controlling for body mass index. P-adiponectin was correlated to symptom severity at follow-up in patients with BN without morbid obesity (ρ = 0.72, P < 0.04). P-leptin-adiponectin-ratio was significantly lower in patients with BN compared to controls (P < 0.04) and P-leptin non-significantly lower.ConclusionsFindings indicate a stable elevation of P-adiponectin in women with BN. P-adiponectin at follow-up correlates to eating disorder symptom severity in patients without morbid obesity, indicating that P-adiponectin should be further investigated as a possible potential prognostic biomarker for BN.

scholarly journals Alterations in cortical thickness and structural connectivity are associated with symptom severity in bulimia nervosa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Westwater ◽  
Jakob Seidlitz ◽  
Kelly M.J. Diederen ◽  
Sarah Fischer ◽  
James C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination

AbstractBulimia nervosa (BN) is a serious psychiatric illness defined by preoccupation with weight and shape, episodic binge-eating and compensatory behaviors. Although diagnosed BN has been associated with diffuse grey matter volume reductions, characterization of brain structure alterations in women with a range of BN symptoms has yet to be made. This study examined whether changes in cortical thickness (CT) scaled with BN symptom severity in a sample of 33 adult women (n = 10 BN; n = 5 EDNOS-BN). Our second objective was to assess global structural connectivity (SC) of CT and to determine if individual differences in global SC relate to BN symptom severity. We used the validated Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q; Fairburn & Beglin, 1994) as a continuous measure of BN symptom severity. Increased EDE-Q score was negatively related to global CT and local CT in the left middle frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and temporoparietal regions. Moreover, analysis of global SC indicated that BN-related cortical thinning preferentially occurred in regions with high global connectivity. Finally, we showed that individuals’ contribution to global SC at the group level were significantly related to EDE-Q score, where increased EDE-Q score correlated with reduced connectivity of the left OFC and middle temporal cortex and increased connectivity of the right superior parietal lobule. Our findings offer novel insight into CT alterations in BN and further suggest that the combination of CT and structural connectivity measures may be sensitive to individual differences in BN symptom severity.

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Voice

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
Jean Abitbol
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Female Voice ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
The Voice

The purpose of this article is to update the management of the treatment of the female voice at perimenopause and menopause. Voice and hormones—these are 2 words that clash, meet, and harmonize. If we are to solve this inquiry, we shall inevitably have to understand the hormones, their impact, and the scars of time. The endocrine effects on laryngeal structures are numerous: The actions of estrogens and progesterone produce modification of glandular secretions. Low dose of androgens are secreted principally by the adrenal cortex, but they are also secreted by the ovaries. Their effect may increase the low pitch and decease the high pitch of the voice at menopause due to important diminution of estrogens and the privation of progesterone. The menopausal voice syndrome presents clinical signs, which we will describe. I consider menopausal patients to fit into 2 broad types: the “Modigliani” types, rather thin and slender with little adipose tissue, and the “Rubens” types, with a rounded figure with more fat cells. Androgen derivatives are transformed to estrogens in fat cells. Hormonal replacement therapy should be carefully considered in the context of premenopausal symptom severity as alternative medicine. Hippocrates: “Your diet is your first medicine.”

Neuropsychologische Befunde bei Anorexia und Bulimia nervosa im Kindes- und Jugendalter

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Bühren ◽  
Kristian Holtkamp ◽  
Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann ◽  
Kerstin Konrad
Keyword(s):  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Psychiatrische Erkrankungen ◽  
Kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit ◽  
Therapeutische Interventionen

Zusammenfassung: Anorexia und Bulimia nervosa sind häufige psychiatrische Erkrankungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters, die insbesondere Mädchen betreffen. Im Akutzustand der Starvation treten bei Essstörungen eine Vielzahl von hormonellen, neuropsychologischen und hirnmorphologischen Veränderungen auf, von denen einige nur teilweise reversibel sind. Komorbide psychiatrische Erkrankungen verkomplizieren das Krankheitsbild und erschweren adäquate therapeutische Interventionen. Der folgende Artikel setzt sich ausführlich mit den neuropsychologischen Defiziten bei Essstörungen, möglichen Einflussfaktoren auf die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit und daraus resultierenden Implikationen für den klinischen Alltag auseinander.

Perception of Autonomy and Connectedness Prior to the Onset of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Huemer ◽  
Maria Haidvogl ◽  
Fritz Mattejat ◽  
Gudrun Wagner ◽  
Gerald Nobis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Image Test ◽  
Restrictive Type

Objective: This study examines retrospective correlates of nonshared family environment prior to onset of disease, by means of multiple familial informants, among anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients. Methods: A total of 332 participants was included (anorexia nervosa, restrictive type (AN-R): n = 41 plus families); bulimic patients (anorexia nervosa, binge-purging type; bulimia nervosa: n = 59 plus families). The EATAET Lifetime Diagnostic Interview was used to establish the diagnosis; the Subjective Family Image Test was used to derive emotional connectedness (EC) and individual autonomy (IA). Results: Bulimic and AN-R patients perceived significantly lower EC prior to onset of disease compared to their healthy sisters. Bulimic patients perceived significantly lower EC prior to onset of disease compared to AN-R patients and compared to their mothers and fathers. A low family sum – sister pairs sum comparison – of EC had a significant influence on the risk of developing bulimia nervosa. Contrary to expectations, AN-R patients did not perceive significantly lower levels of IA compared to their sisters, prior to onset of disease. Findings of low IA in currently ill AN-R patients may represent a disease consequence, not a risk factor. Conclusions: Developmental child psychiatrists should direct their attention to disturbances of EC, which may be present prior to the onset of the disease.

Die Rolle der Ernährungsberatung bei der Behandlung von Anorexia nervosa und Bulimia nervosa

Praxis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (14) ◽  
pp. 931-936
Author(s):  
Sarah Stidwill ◽  
Iris Cook-Müller
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Therapeutische Beziehung

Zusammenfassung. Essstörungen wie Anorexia nervosa und Bulimia nervosa werden bevorzugt interdisziplinär therapiert. Neben somatischer und psychologischer/psychiatrischer Fachbegleitung stellt die Ernährungsberatung einen wichtigen Pfeiler dar. Die Er- und Bearbeitung verschiedener Themen wie inkorrektes Ernährungswissen, Hunger und Sättigung, Verbote und schlechtes Gewissen sind zentral. Auf den Erfolg wirkt sich die therapeutische Beziehung zur Ernährungsfachperson aus.

Erfassung dysfunktionaler Kognitionen zum Body Checking

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolin Neubauer ◽  
Caroline Bender ◽  
Brunna Tuschen-Caffier ◽  
Jennifer Svaldi ◽  
Jens Blechert
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Body Checking ◽  
Deutschsprachige Version

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Empirische Befunde zeigen, dass körperbezogenes Kontrollverhalten und die zugrunde liegenden Kognitionen eine zentrale Rolle in der Aufrechterhaltung von Essstörungspsychopathologie spielen. Fragestellung: Eine deutschsprachige Version der Body Checking Cognitions Scale (BCCS) soll teststatistisch überprüft werden. Methode: Frauen mit Anorexia Nervosa (n = 19), Bulimia Nervosa (n = 22) und Binge-Eating Störung (n = 28) sowie eine weibliche nicht-klinische Vergleichsgruppe (n = 195) füllten die BCCS sowie weitere Fragebögen zur Essstörungspsychopathologie aus. Ergebnisse: Das 4-Faktorenmodell der englischsprachigen Originalversion zeigte in Faktorenanalysen die beste Passung. Die deutschsprachige BCCS erwies sich als intern konsistent und zeigte eine zufriedenstellende konvergente und diskriminante Validität. Schlussfolgerungen: Die deutschsprachige BCCS ist ein reliabler und valider Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen. Sie stellt ein vielversprechendes Instrument zum Einsatz in der Essstörungstherapie und -forschung dar.

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