scholarly journals Strong impact of management regimes on rhizome biomass across Central European temperate grasslands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Ottaviani ◽  
F. Curtis Lubbe ◽  
Jan Lepš ◽  
Aleš Lisner ◽  
Jana Martínková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Impact ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Central European ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
Rhizome Biomass

Forb responses to grazing and rest management in a critically endangered Australian native grassland ecosystem

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi C. Zimmer ◽  
Vivienne B. Turner ◽  
Jaimie Mavromihalis ◽  
Josh Dorrough ◽  
Claire Moxham
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Original Distribution ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Management Regimes

Worldwide, temperate grasslands have been extensively cleared for agriculture and urban expansion and the ‘Natural Temperate Grassland of the Victorian Volcanic Plain’ in south-eastern Australia has recently been listed as critically endangered. Because of land clearing, these grasslands now occupy <1% of their original distribution and much of the remaining grassland continues to be grazed by livestock. Although forbs (wildflowers) constitute most of the floristic richness in natural grasslands, few experimental studies have focused on their responses to strategic livestock grazing and rest. This paper reports on the outcomes of five grazing and rest management regimes imposed for 4 years at three sites on the Victorian Volcanic Plain. Seasonal grazing and rest management regimes resulted in significantly different native and exotic forb frequencies, but not richness. Native perennial and exotic annual forb frequency was higher when management incorporated grazing and rest periods (14 and 16% deviance explained), particularly with spring rest from grazing. However, the most important influence on native perennial and exotic annual and perennial forb frequency (46, 58 and 41% deviance explained) and native perennial and exotic annual species richness (62 and 35% deviance explained) was site. Differences among the three sites included soil, rainfall, size of remnant, presence of small burrowing mammals, management history and consequent species assemblages. Despite differences among sites, the results indicate that native perennial forb frequency may be increased using management regimes that incorporate both grazing and rest. However, targeted management may be necessary to reduce exotic annual forbs, also promoted by grazing with seasonal rest.

scholarly journals The Effects of the Current Security System’s Transformation on the Security of the Central European Nation States

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (Special Issue 2.) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Ladislav Pásztor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
World Order ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
Central European ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Defence Strategies

The end of the bipolar world order at the end of the 20th century, which has had a strong impact on the global security system and particularly affected the Central European states to this day, gave rise to an analytical-evaluative approach to the security threats in the region. The topic of this doctoral research (‘An Analysis- and Evaluation-based Approach to the Security Threats in Central Europe’) is primarily the analysis and evaluation of the risk factors to the V-4 states, especially Slovakia and Hungary. The article analyses the external security challenges, risks, and threats identified on the basis author’s objective perception and can be primarily classified as ones within political and military dimensions. Of course, this does not dismiss the possibility that the threats not discussed in this study are non-existent. With the use of National Security and Defence Strategies and annual Security Assessment Reports the article presents the risk factors identified by Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

Trends in Periprosthetic Knee Infection and Associated Costs: A Population-Based Study Using National Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Brochin ◽  
Jashvant Poeran ◽  
Khushdeep S. Vig ◽  
Aakash Keswani ◽  
Nicole Zubizarreta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Teaching Status ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Increasing Trends

AbstractGiven increasing demand for primary knee arthroplasties, revision surgery is also expected to increase, with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) a main driver of costs. Recent data on national trends is lacking. We aimed to assess trends in PJI in total knee arthroplasty revisions and hospitalization costs. From the National Inpatient Sample (2003–2016), we extracted data on total knee arthroplasty revisions (n = 782,449). We assessed trends in PJI prevalence and (inflation-adjusted) hospitalization costs (total as well as per-day costs) for all revisions and stratified by hospital teaching status (rural/urban by teaching status), hospital bed size (≤299, 300–499, and ≥500 beds), and hospital region (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West). The Cochran–Armitage trend test (PJI prevalence) and linear regression determined significance of trends. PJI prevalence overall was 25.5% (n = 199,818) with a minor increasing trend: 25.3% (n = 7,828) in 2003 to 28.9% (n = 19,275) in 2016; p < 0.0001. Median total hospitalization costs for PJI decreased slightly ($23,247 in 2003–$20,273 in 2016; p < 0.0001) while median per-day costs slightly increased ($3,452 in 2003–$3,727 in 2016; p < 0.0001), likely as a function of decreasing length of stay. With small differences between hospitals, the lowest and highest PJI prevalences were seen in small (≤299 beds; 22.9%) and urban teaching hospitals (27.3%), respectively. In stratification analyses, an increasing trend in PJI prevalence was particularly seen in larger (≥500 beds) hospitals (24.4% in 2003–30.7% in 2016; p < 0.0001), while a decreasing trend was seen in small-sized hospitals. Overall, PJI in knee arthroplasty revisions appears to be slightly increasing. Moreover, increasing trends in large hospitals and decreasing trends in small-sized hospitals suggest a shift in patients from small to large volume hospitals. Decreasing trends in total costs, alongside increasing trends in per-day costs, suggest a strong impact of length of stay trends and a more efficient approach to PJI over the years (in terms of shorter length of stay).

TBE in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Central European ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
European Subtype

Even though tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been a notifiable disease in Croatia since 2007, there are no or only limited data available on the occurring tick species in the endemic areas, on the prevalence of TBE virus (TBEV) in ticks, its distribution in Croatia, and its genetic characteristics. Reporting of human cases also is very scarce. The Central European subtype of virus (TBEV-EU) appears to be present in Croatia

Book Reviews

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
Merdan Halilov ◽  
Zdenek Kudrna ◽  
Judit Kapás
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Central European ◽  
European University

[Book reviews] Winiecki, J.: Transition Economies and Foreign Trade. London and New York: Routledge, 2002, 150 pp.; Olson, M.: Power and Prosperity: Outgrowing Communist and Capitalist Dictatorship. New York: Basic Books, 2000, 233 pp.; Krizsán, A. - Zentai, V. (eds): Reshaping Globalization - Multilateral Dialogues and New Initiatives. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2003, 327 pp.

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