scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Development, Maintenance and Regeneration: Part Two

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitabha Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Philippa Francis‐West ◽  
Dhirendra Katti ◽  
Alberto Roselló‐Díez
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Development

scholarly journals Mechanobiology of limb musculoskeletal development

2017 ◽  
Vol 1409 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Arvind ◽  
Alice H. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Development

scholarly journals Scleraxis genes are required for normal musculoskeletal development and for rib growth and mineralization in zebrafish

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 9116-9130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Kague ◽  
Simon M. Hughes ◽  
Elizabeth A. Lawrence ◽  
Stephen Cross ◽  
Elizabeth Martin‐Silverstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Development

scholarly journals Hematopoietic Wnts Modulate Endochondral Ossification During Fracture Healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenon Chua ◽  
Victor K. Lee ◽  
Cheri Chan ◽  
Andy Yew ◽  
Eric Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Fracture Callus ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Musculoskeletal Development ◽  
Bone Quantity

Wnt signaling plays a critical role in bone formation, homeostasis, and injury repair. Multiple cell types in bone have been proposed to produce the Wnts required for these processes. The specific role of Wnts produced from cells of hematopoietic origin has not been previously characterized. Here, we examined if hematopoietic Wnts play a role in physiological musculoskeletal development and in fracture healing. Wnt secretion from hematopoietic cells was blocked by genetic knockout of the essential Wnt modifying enzyme PORCN, achieved by crossing Vav-Cre transgenic mice with Porcnflox mice. Knockout mice were compared with their wild-type littermates for musculoskeletal development including bone quantity and quality at maturation. Fracture healing including callus quality and quantity was assessed in a diaphyseal fracture model using quantitative micro computer-assisted tomographic scans, histological analysis, as well as biomechanical torsional and 4-point bending stress tests. The hematopoietic Porcn knockout mice had normal musculoskeletal development, with normal bone quantity and quality on micro-CT scans of the vertebrae. They also had normal gross skeletal dimensions and normal bone strength. Hematopoietic Wnt depletion in the healing fracture resulted in fewer osteoclasts in the fracture callus, with a resultant delay in callus remodeling. All calluses eventually progressed to full maturation. Hematopoietic Wnts, while not essential, modulate osteoclast numbers during fracture healing. These osteoclasts participate in callus maturation and remodeling. This demonstrates the importance of diverse Wnt sources in bone repair.

Principles of clinical examination in children

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila Jandial ◽  
Helen Foster
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Whole Child ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Musculoskeletal Development

The clinical examination of children and adolescents is an essential component of assessment, facilitates appropriate interpretation of investigations and is integral to the process of making a diagnosis. The clinical assessment of children and young people differs from that of adults, requiring greater reliance on physical examination as the history may be vague and illocalized and requires knowledge of normal musculoskeletal development, normal motor milestones and different patterns of clinical presentations across the ages. The interpretation of clinical findings needs to be in the context of the whole child and the clinical presentation. The degree of expertise required in clinical skills varies with the clinical practice of the examiner and ranges from the basic screening assessment to a more detailed examination of joints, muscles and anatomical regions. The evidence base for clinical assessment in children and young people is accruing and undoubtedly, competent clinical skills requires learning to be embedded in core child health teaching and assessment starting at medical school and reinforced in postgraduate training.

A developmental staging system and musculoskeletal development sequence of the common musk turtle ( Sternotherus odoratus )

2020 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Smith Paredes ◽  
Arianna Lord ◽  
Dalton Meyer ◽  
Bhart‐Anjan S. Bhullar
Keyword(s):  
Staging System ◽  
Musculoskeletal Development ◽  
Sternotherus Odoratus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Developmental Staging

Musculoskeletal Development: A Review

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 878-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M Walker
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Development
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