scholarly journals Dynamic expression patterns of ECM molecules in the developing mouse olfactory pathway

2008 ◽  
Vol 237 (7) ◽  
pp. 1837-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine L. Shay ◽  
Charles A. Greer ◽  
Helen B. Treloar
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Olfactory Pathway ◽  
Dynamic Expression

scholarly journals Identification of the Q Gene Playing a Role in Spike Morphology Variation in Wheat Mutants and Its Regulatory Network

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiazi Zhang ◽  
Hongchun Xiong ◽  
Huijun Guo ◽  
Yuting Li ◽  
Xiaomei Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Spike Morphology ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Dynamic Expression ◽  
Spike Development ◽  
Family Gene ◽  
Q Gene

The wheat AP2 family gene Q controls domestication traits, including spike morphology and threshability, which are critical for the widespread cultivation and yield improvement of wheat. Although many studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of the Q gene, its direct target genes, especially those controlling spike morphology, are not clear, and its regulatory pathways are not well established. In this study, we conducted gene mapping of a wheat speltoid spike mutant and found that a new allele of the Q gene with protein truncation played a role in spike morphology variation in the mutant. Dynamic expression levels of the Q gene throughout the spike development process suggested that the transcript abundances of the mutant were decreased at the W6 and W7 scales compared to those of the WT. We identified several mutation sites on the Q gene and showed that mutations in different domains resulted in distinct phenotypes. In addition, we found that the Q gene produced three transcripts via alternative splicing and that they exhibited differential expression patterns in nodes, internodes, flag leaves, and spikes. Finally, we identified several target genes directly downstream of Q, including TaGRF1-2D and TaMGD-6B, and proposed a possible regulatory network. This study uncovered the target genes of Q, and the results can help to clarify the mechanism of wheat spike morphology and thereby improve wheat grain yield.

Expression patterns of nicotinic subunits α2, α7, α8, and β1 affect the kinetics and pharmacology of ACh-induced currents in adult bee olfactory neuropiles

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1604-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Pierre Dupuis ◽  
Monique Gauthier ◽  
Valérie Raymond-Delpech
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Insect Brain ◽  
Olfactory Pathway ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Kenyon Cells ◽  
Inward Currents ◽  
Induced Currents ◽  
The Brain

Acetylcholine (ACh) is the main excitatory neurotransmitter of the insect brain, where nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate fast cholinergic synaptic transmission. In the honeybee Apis mellifera, nAChRs are expressed in diverse structures including the primary olfactory centers of the brain, the antennal lobes (ALs) and the mushroom bodies (MBs), where they participate in olfactory information processing. To understand the nature and properties of the nAChRs involved in these processes, we performed a pharmacological and molecular characterization of nAChRs on cultured Kenyon cells of the MBs, using whole cell patch-clamp recordings combined with single-cell RT-PCR. In all cells, applications of ACh as well as nicotinic agonists such as nicotine and imidacloprid induced inward currents with fast desensitization. These currents were fully blocked by saturating doses of the antagonists α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT), dihydroxy-β-erythroidine (DHE), and methyllycaconitine (MLA) (MLA ≥ α-BGT ≥ DHE). Molecular analysis of ACh-responding cells revealed that of the 11 nicotinic receptor subunits encoded within the honeybee genome, α2, α8, and β1 subunits were expressed in adult Kenyon cells. Comparison with the expression pattern of adult AL cells revealed the supplementary presence of subunit α7, which could be responsible for the kinetic and pharmacological differences observed when comparing ACh-induced currents from AL and Kenyon cells. Together, our data demonstrate the existence of functional nAChRs on adult MB Kenyon cells that differ from nAChRs on AL cells in both their molecular composition and pharmacological properties, suggesting that changing receptor subsets could mediate different processing functions depending on the brain structure within the olfactory pathway.

scholarly journals From Dynamic Expression Patterns to Boundary Formation in the Presomitic Mesoderm

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e1002586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik B. Tiedemann ◽  
Elida Schneltzer ◽  
Stefan Zeiser ◽  
Bastian Hoesel ◽  
Johannes Beckers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Presomitic Mesoderm ◽  
Boundary Formation ◽  
Dynamic Expression

scholarly journals The Atypical Homeodomain Transcription Factor Mohawk Controls Tendon Morphogenesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (20) ◽  
pp. 4797-4807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjin Liu ◽  
Spencer S. Watson ◽  
Yu Lan ◽  
Douglas R. Keene ◽  
Catherine E. Ovitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tendon Sheath ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Tendon Development ◽  
Dynamic Expression ◽  
Tendon Cells ◽  
Mutant Mouse Embryos ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Repressor Activity

ABSTRACT The Mohawk homeobox (Mkx) gene encodes a new atypical homeodomain-containing protein with transcriptional repressor activity. Mkx mRNA exhibited dynamic expression patterns during development of the palate, somite, kidney, and testis, suggesting that it may be an important regulator of multiple developmental processes. To investigate the roles of Mkx in organogenesis, we generated mice carrying a null mutation in this gene. Mkx −/− mice survive postnatally and exhibit a unique wavy-tail phenotype. Close examination revealed that the mutant mice had smaller tendons than wild-type littermates and that the rapid postnatal growth of collagen fibrils in tendons was disrupted in Mkx −/− mice. Defects in tendon development were detected in the mutant mouse embryos as early as embryonic day 16.5 (E16.5). Although collagen fibril assembly initially appeared normal, the tendons of Mkx −/− embryos expressed significantly reduced amounts of collagen I, fibromodulin, and tenomodulin in comparison with control littermates. We found that Mkx mRNA was strongly expressed in differentiating tendon cells during embryogenesis and in the tendon sheath cells in postnatal stages. In addition to defects in tendon collagen fibrillogenesis, Mkx −/− mutant mice exhibited abnormal tendon sheaths. These results identify Mkx as an important regulator of tendon development.

The SNF2 domain protein family in higher vertebrates displays dynamic expression patterns in Xenopus laevis embryos

Gene ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Linder ◽  
Ryan A. Cabot ◽  
Tanja Schwickert ◽  
Ralph A.W. Rupp
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Dynamic Expression ◽  
Domain Protein ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Embryos

scholarly journals Dynamic expression pattern and subcellular localization of the Rhox10 homeobox transcription factor during early germ cell development

Reproduction ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Won Song ◽  
Christina T Dann ◽  
John R McCarrey ◽  
Marvin L Meistrich ◽  
Gail A Cornwall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Dynamic Expression ◽  
Homeobox Transcription Factor ◽  
Dramatic Shift

Homeobox genes encode transcription factors that regulate diverse developmental events. The largest known homeobox gene cluster – the X-linked mouse reproductive homeobox (Rhox) cluster – harbors genes whose expression patterns and functions are largely unknown. Here, we report that a member of this cluster, Rhox10, is expressed in male germ cells. Rhox10 is highly transcribed in spermatogonia in vivo and is upregulated in response to the differentiation-inducing agent retinoic acid in vitro. Using a specific RHOX10 antiserum that we generated, we found that RHOX10 protein is selectively expressed in fetal gonocytes, germline stem cells, spermatogonia, and early spermatocytes. RHOX10 protein undergoes a dramatic shift in subcellular localization as germ cells progress from mitotically arrested gonocytes to mitotic spermatogonia and from mitotic spermatogonia to early meiotic spermatocytes, consistent with RHOX10 performing different functions in these stages.

scholarly journals Correction: From Dynamic Expression Patterns to Boundary Formation in the Presomitic Mesoderm

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e1007191
Author(s):  
Hendrik B. Tiedemann ◽  
Elida Schneltzer ◽  
Stefan Zeiser ◽  
Bastian Hoesel ◽  
Johannes Beckers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Presomitic Mesoderm ◽  
Boundary Formation ◽  
Dynamic Expression
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