In early development of the rat mRNA for the major myelin protein P0 is expressed in nonsensory areas of the embryonic inner ear, notochord, enteric nervous system, and olfactory ensheathing cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Jen Lee ◽  
Ester Calle ◽  
Angela Brennan ◽  
Sabrina Ahmed ◽  
Elena Sviderskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Myelin Protein ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Ensheathing Cells

scholarly journals Key differences between olfactory ensheathing cells and Schwann cells regarding phagocytosis of necrotic cells: implications for transplantation therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nazareth ◽  
T. B. Shelper ◽  
A. Chacko ◽  
S. Basu ◽  
A. Delbaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Myelin Debris ◽  
Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Transplantation of peripheral nervous system glia is being explored for treating neural injuries, in particular central nervous system injuries. These glia, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and Schwann cells (SCs), are thought to aid regeneration by clearing necrotic cells, (necrotic bodies, NBs), as well as myelin debris. The mechanism by which the glia phagocytose and traffic NBs are not understood. Here, we show that OECs and SCs recognize phosphatidylserine on NBs, followed by engulfment and trafficking to endosomes and lysosomes. We also showed that both glia can phagocytose and process myelin debris. We compared the time-course of glial phagocytosis (of both NBs and myelin) to that of macrophages. Internalization and trafficking were considerably slower in glia than in macrophages, and OECs were more efficient phagocytes than SCs. The two glial types also differed regarding their cytokine responses after NB challenge. SCs produced low amounts of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α while OECs did not produce detectable TNF-α. Thus, OECs have a higher capacity than SCs for phagocytosis and trafficking, whilst producing lower amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that OEC transplantation into the injured nervous system may lead to better outcomes than SC transplantation.

scholarly journals The role of olfactory ensheating cells in regenerative medicine: review of the literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Grosu-Bularda ◽  
Claudiu Manea ◽  
Ioan Lascar
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bulb Formation ◽  
Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Role ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) join olfactory axons in their entrance to the central nervous system, representing a unique population of glial cells with functions in olfactory neurogenesis, axonal growth and olfactory bulb formation. Olfactory ensheathing cells have a great potential to induce repair for neural injuries, in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, existing numerous experimental and clinical studies lately, reporting beneficial effects in anatomical and functional recovery. Studies are also conducted in order to establish possible pro-regenerative effects of the OECs, their potential in tissue repair and ability to modulate the immune system. The aim of this paper was to review the properties of olfactory ensheathing cells and their potential therapeutic role in regenerative medicine.

Olfactory Ensheathing Cells: Bridging the Gap in Spinal Cord Injury

Neurosurgery ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Bartolomei ◽  
Charles A. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Axon Regeneration ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Secondary Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Ensheathing Cells

Abstract SPINAL CORD INJURY (SCI) continues to be an insidious and challenging problem for scientists and clinicians. Recent neuroscientific advances have changed the pessimistic notion that axons are not capable of significant extension after transection. The challenges of recovering from SCI have been broadly divided into four areas: 1) cell survival; 2) axon regeneration (growth); 3) correct targeting by growing axons; and 4) establishment of correct and functional synaptic appositions. After acute SCI, there seems to be a therapeutic window of opportunity within which the devastating consequences of the secondary injury can be ameliorated. This is supported by several observations in which apoptotic glial cells have been identified up to 1 week after acute SCI. Moreover, autopsy studies have identified anatomically preserved but unmyelinated axons that could potentially subserve normal physiological properties. These observations suggest that therapeutic strategies after SCI can be directed into two broad modalities: 1) prevention or amelioration of the secondary injury, and 2) restorative or regenerative interventions. Intraspinal transplants have been used after SCI as a means for restoring the severed neuraxis. Fetal cell transplants and, more recently, progenitor cells have been used to restore intraspinal circuitry or to serve as relay for damaged axons. In an attempt to remyelinate anatomically preserved but physiologically disrupted axons, newer therapeutic interventions have incorporated the transplantation of myelinating cells, such as Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, and olfactory ensheathing cells. Of these cells, the olfactory ensheathing cells have become a more favorable candidate for extensive remyelination and axonal regeneration. Olfactory ensheathing cells are found along the full length of the olfactory nerve, from the basal lamina of the epithelium to the olfactory bulb, crossing the peripheral nervous system-central nervous system junction. In vitro, these cells promote robust axonal growth, in part through cell adhesion molecules and possibly by secretion of neurotrophic growth factors that support axonal elongation and extension. In animal models of SCI, transplantation of ensheathing cells supports axonal remyelination and extensive migration throughout the length of the spinal cord. Although the specific properties of these cells that govern enhanced axon regeneration remain to be elucidated, it seems certain that they will contribute to the establishment of new horizons in SCI research.

scholarly journals Olfactory ensheathing cells are the main phagocytic cells that remove axon debris during early development of the olfactory system

2014 ◽  
Vol 523 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynnmaria Nazareth ◽  
Katie E. Lineburg ◽  
Meng Inn Chuah ◽  
Johana Tello Velasquez ◽  
Fatemeh Chehrehasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Ensheathing Cells

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the Damaged Dorsal Root Entry Zone by Transplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1212-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Collins ◽  
Ahmed Ibrahim ◽  
Daqing Li ◽  
Modinat Liadi ◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Dorsal Root Entry Zone ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Ensheathing Cells

The dorsal root entry zone is often used in research to examine the disconnection between the central and peripheral parts of the nervous system which occurs following injury. Our laboratory and others have used transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) to repair experimental spinal cord injuries. We have previously used a four dorsal root (C6–T1) transection model to show that transplantation of OECs can reinstate rat forelimb proprioception in a climbing task. Until now, however, we have not looked in detail at the anatomical interaction between OECs and the peripheral/central nervous system regions which form the transitional zone. In this study, we compared short- and long-term OEC survival and their interaction with the surrounding dorsal root tissue. We reveal how transplanted OECs orient toward the spinal cord and allow newly formed axons to travel across into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Reconstruction of the dorsal root entry zone was supported by OEC ensheathment of axons at the injured site and also at around 3 mm further away at the dorsal root ganglion. Quantitative analysis revealed no observable difference in dorsal column axonal loss between transplanted and control groups of rats.

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