Visual experience affects both behavioral and neuronal aspects in the individual life history of the desert ant Cataglyphis fortis

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mae Stieb ◽  
Anna Hellwig ◽  
Rüdiger Wehner ◽  
Wolfgang Rössler
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
Desert Ant ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cataglyphis Fortis

Queering Gender Identity Work: A Life History of a Black Transgender Woman

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esethu Monakali
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

This article offers an analysis of the identity work of a black transgender woman through life history research. Identity work pertains to the ongoing effort of authoring oneself and positions the individual as the agent; not a passive recipient of identity scripts. The findings draw from three life history interviews. Using thematic analysis, the following themes emerge: institutionalisation of gender norms; gender and sexuality unintelligibility; transitioning and passing; and lastly, gender expression and public spaces. The discussion follows from a poststructuralist conception of identity, which frames identity as fluid and as being continually established. The study contends that identity work is a complex and fragmented process, which is shaped by other social identities. To that end, the study also acknowledges the role of collective agency in shaping gender identity.

Portrait of a “Real” Marero

Mortal Doubt ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 33-56
Author(s):  
Anthony W. Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Gang Member ◽  
Gang Violence ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Memory Material ◽  
History Of

Through the life history of a young man named Andy—a gang member who became a protected witness in the prosecution of a spectacular quadruple murder—chapter 2 explores the confused entanglements between memory, material violence, and mara myths in stories of gang violence. In this account of Andy’s life and death, the complex play between truth and rumor—the facts of the matter and the inventions of the imagination—illuminate the possibilities and pitfalls of the search for order in the midst of chaos. This chapter serves as an entrance into how the “all-pervading unpredictability” of violence shapes individual life histories, as well as the manner in which such histories can be told.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Uzendoski ◽  
Edith Felicia Calapucha-Tapuy
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

This book was concerned with discussing how Quichua speakers use storytelling to make sense of experience and create poetic, spiritual relations among people, ecology, and the larger world they inhabit. The authors tried to convey not just the stories but also the stories behind the stories. This concluding chapter summarizes in detail the stories and different Amazonian Quichua genres presented in this book and their relations, the flow of materials and the story within. It argues that somatic poetry—the thread that ties together all the materials in this book—is a shared philosophy of life and art that connects the individual life to the history of a community and its landscape. It also calls for a more nuanced and sympathetic treatment of the communicative practices of other cultures, different forms of textuality, and the poetic power of the multimodal bodily expressions.

scholarly journals Estimation of Fitness of Normal and Stylopized Paddy Pest, White Leafhopper Cofana spectra (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in West Bengal, India through Correlation of Life History Traits

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S13029
Author(s):  
Sangita Mitra ◽  
Rupa Harsha ◽  
Niladri Hazra ◽  
Abhijit Mazumdar
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

The assessment of the morphological and reproductive features of white rice leafhopper Cofana spectra (Distant) was carried out using selected characters that bear importance in determining the fitness at the individual and population levels. Morphometric measurements of the individuals reared in the laboratory as normal and stylopized with the strepsipteran parasitoid, Halictophagus australensis Perkins, were recorded and analyzed. A t-test was performed to justify whether parasitization by H. australensis affected the traits. Correlations and regression analyses were carried out to deduce the difference in relative importance of the morphological features in the life history of C. spectra and their variation because of stylopization by H. australensis. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on the morphometric data to further substantiate the difference observed in the traits. In case of stylopized white leafhopper (WLH), fecundity was inhibited almost completely irrespective of seasons. The effect of stylopization on the life history traits of C. spectra has been noted that supports its possible use in biocontrol.

Production of Larvae of Phyllobius piri L. (Col. Curculionidae) in an Abandoned Field

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Larsson ◽  
T. Persson ◽  
U. Lohm ◽  
B. Axelsson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Abandoned Field ◽  
Individual Growth Curve ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe abundance of the larvae of Phyllobius piri L. and P. viridicollis F. (Col. Curculionidae) was investigated in an abandoned field in central Sweden. On the basis of the individual growth curve and the life table of the larvae the production of P. piri was calculated to be 4.6 ± I.9 g dw per m2 or 25 ± II kcal per m2 (mean ± 95 per cent c.i.). The population of the hibernating pupae of P. piri was about 500 per m2 during three successive years. During the same period the abundance of hibernating larvae of P. viridicollis was I00-250 per m2. Notes are given on the life history of the two species. The larvae are described by B. Lekander in an appendix.

PROBING FOR STRONTIUM PATTERNS IN OTOLITHS OF COMMON BULLIES FROM THE CLUTHA RIVER, NEW ZEALAND

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MARKWITZ ◽  
B. BARRY ◽  
G. CLOSS ◽  
M. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Juvenile Phase ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fish Otoliths ◽  
Gobiomorphus Cotidianus

Common bullies, Gobiomorphus cotidianus, are a widespread small New Zealand freshwater fish, with a life-cycle that may include an optional juvenile marine phase. We used the strontium variation in fish otoliths in an attempt to track the life history of the individual fish since the interlayer variation reflect the exposure of fish to background environmental levels of Sr at the time of deposition. One possible mechanism by which Sr can be enriched in otoliths is by seawater, which usually has a higher Sr/Ca ratio than fresh water. Locally resolved elemental measurements with a proton microprobe enable therefore the detection of variation in Sr that may reflect single or multiple migrations of freshwater fish into seawater. The most striking feature of this study is the observation of high Sr/Ca ratios in the cores of all otoliths, including those from fish caught 50 km inland. This suggests different environments in the life cycle of common bullies in the lower reaches of the Clutha river. A marine juvenile phase may be a common feature. Preliminary area scans were used to select suitable transects for detailed line scans which gave greatly improved statistics.

Henry Nicholas Ridley, 1855-1956

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 141-159 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Life History ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Sexual Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Seeds And Fruits

When anyone attains to over a century at the time of their death it is inevitable that there should be few, even of near contemporaries, who can attest to the personal qualities that marked the individual in the full vigour of his career, but this deficiency is less marked with respect to H. N. Ridley, since he retained so much of his vigour and particularly his mental zest until almost the closing years of his life and, moreover, he fortunately left a personal record that has been invaluable in reconstructing the beginnings of his career. The writer is also indebted to his widow and to Mr I. H. Burkill, who succeeded Ridley as Director of the Botanic Gardens, Straits Settlements, from 1912 to 1925, for help in relation to the earlier years. Henry Nicholas Ridley was born on 10 December 1855 at the period when plant physiology under the influence of Dutrochet, Leibig and Boussingault was beginning to affect the general approach to the study of plants, and when Hofmeister had conclusively shown the nature of the sexual process in phanerogams and had given an impetus to the study of the life history of plants. Thus Ridley grew up in a period of great intellectual activity but, above all, in its influence on the young men—the Origin of Species appeared when he was four years old. By the time Ridley was a student this had become a vitalizing influence in botanical thought and outlook, which gave a new significance to the study of modes of dispersal of seeds and fruits and to the geographical distribution of plants, that had a lifelong effect on Ridley’s concepts and interests.

scholarly journals Environmental change effects on life history traits and population dynamics of anadromous fishes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Catalina Chaparro-Pedraza ◽  
André M. de Roos
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

AbstractMigration, the recurring movement of individuals between a breeding and a non-breeding habitat, is a widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom. Since the life cycle of migratory species involves two habitats, they are particularly vulnerable to environmental change, which may affect either of these habitats as well as the travel between them. In this study, we investigate the consequences of environmental change affecting older life history stages for the population dynamics and the individual life history of a migratory population. In particular, we use a theoretical approach to study how increased energetic cost of the breeding travel and reduced survival and food availability in the non-breeding habitat affect an anadromous fish population. These unfavorable conditions have impacts at individual and population level. First, when conditions deteriorate individuals in the breeding habitat have a higher growth rate as a consequence of reductions in spawning that reduce competition. Second, population abundance decreases, and its dynamics change from stable to oscillations with a period of four years. The oscillations are caused by the density-dependent feedback between individuals within a cohort through the food abundance in the breeding habitat, which results in alternation of a strong and a weak cohort. Our results explain how environmental change, by affecting older life history stages, has multiple consequences for other life stages and for the entire population. We discuss these results in the context of empirical data and highlight the need for mechanistic understanding of the interactions between life history and population dynamics in response to environmental change.

Life history of the maritime platygastrid Echthrodesis lamorali Masner 1968 (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae: Scelioninae)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Candice Ann Owen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Life History ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Distributional Range ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Echthrodesis lamorali Masner 1968 (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Scelioninae) is an intertidal parasitoid wasp that uses the eggs of the maritime spider, Desis formidabilis O.P. Cambridge 1890 (Araneae: Desidae), as a host. This species is one of only three known maritime parasitoids globally, and is the only known spider egg parasitoid that attacks its host within the intertidal region in southern Africa. Originally described from ‘The Island’, Kommetjie (Western Cape, South Africa), this shore was the only known locality of the species at the commencement of this thesis. Furthermore, the extent of the parasitism pressure the wasp exerts on D. formidabilis was largely unknown, along with its basic biology (drivers of its broad-scale and fine-scale distribution patterns; parasitism incidence; and sex ratios) and morphological and physiological adaptations for living within the frequently saltwater-inundated environment. This thesis unravelled these aspects, as well as experimentally provided data for many components of the life history of E. lamorali that had only been hypothesized by other authors, at a variety of scales, from the country-wide ecosystem, to single shores, and finally to the scale of the individual. While the distribution of E. lamorali was found to be much wider than previously thought, it remained restricted to the shores of the Cape Peninsula (Western Cape, South Africa). The host spiders were located throughout a much wider distributional range than the wasp, from East London in the east to the Peninsula, but some behavioural and morphological differences were found between those within and outside of the range of the parasitoid, suggesting range-limitation imposed by the host on E. lamorali. This limitation may be strengthened by the general lack of suitable shore types within the close vicinity of the Peninsula. Modelling using macro-climatic conditions suggested that maximum temperatures and humidities were also largely limiting to E. lamorali, although these patterns were not observable in the micro-climates in which the species survives. The wasp populations and spiders within the range of E. lamorali as identified in Chapter 2 were assessed to determine any preferences for local conditions, including location along the Peninsula, nesting sites and intertidal zones within single shores, using AICc modelling, which detected parasitism patterns in D. formidabilis and E. lamorali populations, as well as the sex ratios in the latter species. The models showed that the spider population size and distribution was more influenced by bottom-up factors such as abiotic components of the shore than by parasitism, which only showed density dependence with the host at certain scales. Both host and parasitoid populations illustrated a preference for the middle zone on single shores. Observed spider nest characteristics suggested opportunistic nesting behaviour in the species, although preference was shown for construction along an east-west orientation and in locations with low sun exposure. Along with larger population sizes on the west coast over the east coast (not reflected by E. lamorali), these observations suggest that D. formidabilis prefers cooler environments. Spider brood success was 50% in unparasitized egg-sacs, but this figure halved when E. lamorali gained access to the eggs (of which 100% within a single compartment were parasitized each time). Encapsulation of the embryo was found to be positively correlated with parasitism, indicating some form of host resistance. Resultant parasitoid broods illustrated a strong female bias in the species, as is common for this group of insects. The life history of E. lamorali was then assessed at a smaller scale, that of the individual. Scanning electron microscopy of whole E. lamorali specimens and light microscopy of sectioned specimens demonstrated no morphological adaptations in the trachea and spiracles to cope with saltwater inundation. On the other hand, respirometry experiments categorically demonstrated that the species copes with inundation through the formation of a physical gill over the full habitus, and the induction of a state of torpor to reduce metabolic needs, when submerged. This precludes the need for any further morphological adaptations. Determination of the wasp’s critical thermal tolerance illustrated a wide temperature range with a particularly cold lower limit of -1.1ºC ± 0.16, suggesting the presence of related genera or ancestors in much colder environments. With a much broader distribution than previously thought, and the inclusion of the distributional range of E. lamorali within the Table Mountain National Park, this species is being effectively conserved and managed through the umbrella-conservation of the park. Links to the host proved to vary at differing scales, proving the need for scale considerations to be included in other similar biological and ecological studies. Finally, the species showed a physiological adaptation to its intertidal existence. Echthrodesis lamorali, the only discovered maritime spider egg parasitoid in Southern Africa, displayed unusual characteristics at every scale of its life history and as such, warrants further investigation.

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