scholarly journals Homer proteins shapeXenopusoptic tectal cell dendritic arbor developmentin vivo

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1315-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall R. Van Keuren-Jensen ◽  
Hollis T. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Arbor ◽  
Homer Proteins ◽  
Tectal Cell

Homer proteins: implications for neuropsychiatric disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen K Szumlinski ◽  
Peter W Kalivas ◽  
Paul F Worley
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Homer Proteins

scholarly journals Comparing the electrophysiology and morphology of human and mouse layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons with Bayesian networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Mihaljević ◽  
Pedro Larrañaga ◽  
Concha Bielza
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Probabilistic Reasoning ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dendritic Arbor ◽  
Basal Dendrites ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
Human And Mouse

ABSTRACTPyramidal neurons are the most common neurons in the cerebral cortex. Understanding how they differ between species is a key challenge in neuroscience. We compared human temporal cortex and mouse visual cortex pyramidal neurons from the Allen Cell Types Database in terms of their electrophysiology and basal dendrites’ morphology. We found that, among other differences, human pyramidal neurons had a higher threshold voltage, a lower input resistance, and a larger basal dendritic arbor. We learned Gaussian Bayesian networks from the data in order to identify correlations and conditional independencies between the variables and compare them between the species. We found strong correlations between electrophysiological and morphological variables in both species. One result is that, in human cells, dendritic arbor width had the strongest effect on input resistance after accounting for the remaining variables. Electrophysiological variables were correlated, in both species, even with morphological variables that are not directly related to dendritic arbor size or diameter, such as mean bifurcation angle and mean branch tortuosity. Contrary to previous results, cortical depth was correlated with both electrophysiological and morphological variables, and its effect on electrophysiological could not be explained in terms of the morphological variables. Overall, the correlations among the variables differed strikingly between human and mouse neurons. Besides identifying correlations and conditional independencies, the learned Bayesian networks might be useful for probabilistic reasoning regarding the morphology and electrophysiology of pyramidal neurons.

scholarly journals Mouse brain and muscle tissues constitutively express high levels of Homer proteins

2000 ◽  
Vol 267 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail M. Soloviev ◽  
Francisco Ciruela ◽  
Wai-Yee Chan ◽  
R. A. Jeffrey McIlhinney
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Homer Proteins

scholarly journals Mathematical Model of Neuronal Morphology: Prenatal Development of the Human Dentate Nucleus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Rajković ◽  
Goran Bačić ◽  
Dušan Ristanović ◽  
Nebojša T. Milošević
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Dentate Nucleus ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Dendritic Arbor ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Sound Foundation ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The aim of the study was to quantify the morphological changes of the human dentate nucleus during prenatal development using mathematical models that take into account main morphometric parameters. The camera lucida drawings of Golgi impregnated neurons taken from human fetuses of gestational ages ranging from 14 to 41 weeks were analyzed. Four morphometric parameters, the size of the neuron, the dendritic complexity, maximum dendritic density, and the position of maximum density, were obtained using the modified Scholl method and fractal analysis. Their increase during the entire prenatal development can be adequately fitted with a simple exponential. The three parameters describing the evolution of branching complexity of the dendritic arbor positively correlated with the increase of the size of neurons, but with different rate constants, showing that the complex development of the dendritic arbor is complete during the prenatal period. The findings of the present study are in accordance with previous crude qualitative data on prenatal development of the human dentate nucleus, but provide much greater amount of fine details. The mathematical model developed here provides a sound foundation enabling further studies on natal development or analyzing neurological disorders during prenatal development.

Morphogenesis of retinal ganglion cells during formation of the fovea in the Rhesus macaque

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Kirby ◽  
Thomas C. Steineke
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Primary Dendrite ◽  
Dendritic Arbor ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Comparative Neurology ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Central Retina ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe morphology of retinal ganglion cells within the central retina during formation of the fovea was examined in retinal explants with horseradish-peroxidase histochemistry. A foveal depression was first apparent in retinal wholemounts at embryonic day 112 (El 12; gestational term is approximately 165 days). At earlier fetal ages, the site of the future fovea was identified by several criteria that included peak density of ganglion cells, lack of blood vessels in the inner retinal layers, arcuate fiber bundles, and the absence of rod outer segments in the photoreceptor layer. Prior to E112, the terminal dendritic arbor of retinal ganglion cells within the central retina extended into the inner plexiform layer and were located directly beneath their somas of origin or at most were slightly displaced from it. For example, at E90 the mean horizontal displacement of the geometric center of the dendritic arbor from the somas of cells within 600 μm of the estimated center of the future fovea was 4.1 μm (S.D. 2.7, range 1.0-10.0, n = 97). Following formation of the foveal depression the dendritic arbors of cells were significantly displaced from their somas. For example, at E138 the mean displacement was 41.2 μm (S.D. 12.2, range 12.0-56.0, n = 97). The displacement of the dendritic arbor which occurred during this period was not accounted for by areal growth of the dendritic arbor, the somas, or the retina, but was produced by the lengthening of the primary dendritic trunk. Moreover, no significant displacement was observed within the remaining 1.5–6.5 mm of the central retina. These observations provide evidence supporting early speculations that the formation of the foveal pit occurs, in part, by the radial migration of ganglion cells from the center of the fovea during its formation. Our analyses suggest that this migration occurs by the lengthening of the primary dendrite presumably by the addition of membrane. This migration is in a direction opposite to the inward movement of photoreceptors that occurs during late fetal and early postnatal periods (Packer et al., 1990, Journal of Comparative Neurology 298, 472–493).

scholarly journals Increased Prevalence of Calcium Transients across the Dendritic Arbor during Place Field Formation

Neuron ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-504.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E.J. Sheffield ◽  
Michael D. Adoff ◽  
Daniel A. Dombeck
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Transients ◽  
Dendritic Arbor ◽  
Place Field ◽  
Field Formation

scholarly journals Genetic disruption of the putative binding site for Homer on DmGluRA reduces sleep in Drosophila

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ly ◽  
Ewa Strus ◽  
Nirinjini Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Amino Acid Replacement ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Functional Homology ◽  
Group I ◽  
Homer Proteins ◽  
Physical Dissociation ◽  
Putative Binding Site

Abstract Homer proteins mediate plasticity and signaling at the postsynaptic density of neurons and are necessary for sleep and synaptic remodeling during sleep. The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of sleep regulation by Homer signaling. Using the Drosophila animal model, we demonstrate that knockdown of Homer specifically in the brain reduces sleep and that Drosophila Homer binds to the sole Drosophila mGluR, known as DmGluRA. This is the first evidence that DmGluRA, which bears greatest homology to group II mammalian metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), shares functional homology with group I mGluRs which couple to Homer proteins in mammals. As sleep is associated with the physical dissociation of Homer and mGluRs proteins at the synapse, we sought to determine the functional necessity of Homer × DmGluRA interaction in sleep regulation. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system, we generated a targeted amino acid replacement of the putative binding site for Homer on DmGluRA to prevent Homer and DmGluRA protein binding. We found that loss of the conserved proline-rich PPXXF sequence on DmGluRA reduces Homer/DmGluRA associations and significantly reduces sleep amount. Thus, we identify a conserved mechanism of synaptic plasticity in Drosophila and demonstrate that the interaction of Homer with DmGluRA is necessary to promote sleep.

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