Humoral and cellular immune responses to proinsulin in adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parth Narendran ◽  
Alistair J. Williams ◽  
Kathryn Elsegood ◽  
Nicola J. Leech ◽  
Colin M. Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Cellular Immune Responses of Schistosomiasis Patients Are Altered by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Coinfection

2001 ◽  
Vol 184 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline N. M. Mwinzi ◽  
Diana M. S. Karanja ◽  
Daniel G. Colley ◽  
Alloys S. S. Orago ◽  
W. Evan Secor
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection: Intraindividual Comparison of Cellular Immune Responses against Two Persistent Viruses

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 2817-2826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg M. Lauer ◽  
Tam N. Nguyen ◽  
Cheryl L. Day ◽  
Gregory K. Robbins ◽  
Theresa Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) lead to chronic infection in a high percentage of persons, and an expanding epidemic of HIV-1-HCV coinfection has recently been identified. These individuals provide an opportunity for simultaneous assessment of immune responses to two viral infections associated with chronic plasma viremia. In this study we analyzed the breadth and magnitude of the CD8+- and CD4+-T-lymphocyte responses in 22 individuals infected with both HIV-1 and HCV. A CD8+-T-lymphocyte response against HIV-1 was readily detected in all subjects over a broad range of viral loads. In marked contrast, HCV-specific CD8+-T-lymphocyte responses were rarely detected, despite viral loads in plasma that were on average 1,000-fold higher. The few HCV-specific responses that were observed were relatively weak and limited in breadth. CD4-proliferative responses against HIV-1 were detected in about half of the coinfected subjects tested, but no proliferative response against any HCV protein was found in these coinfected persons. These data demonstrate a major discordance in immune responses to two persistent RNA viruses. In addition, they show a consistent and profound impairment in cellular immune responses to HCV compared to HIV-1 in HIV-1-HCV-coinfected persons.

Short Communication Antibody and Cellular Immune Responses in Breakthrough Infection Subjects after HIV Type 1 Glycoprotein 120 Vaccination

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 1685-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Locher ◽  
Robert M. Grant ◽  
Eric A. Collisson ◽  
Gustavo Reyes-Teran ◽  
Tarek Elbeik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Breakthrough Infection ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Enhancement of Primary and Secondary Cellular Immune Responses against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag by Using DNA Expression Vectors That Target Gag Antigen to the Secretory Pathway

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (13) ◽  
pp. 5997-6005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Tai Qiu ◽  
Bindong Liu ◽  
Chunjuan Tian ◽  
George N. Pavlakis ◽  
Xiao-Fang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Dna Vector ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT In this study, we have investigated the influence of antigen targeting after DNA vaccination upon the induction of cellular immune responses against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag. In addition to the standard version of HIV-1 Gag, we constructed Gag expression vectors that encode a secreted (Sc-Gag) and a cytoplasmic (Cy-Gag) Gag molecule. Although all three HIV-1 Gag expression vectors induced detectable humoral and cellular immune responses, after intramuscular injection the DNA vector encoding the Sc-Gag generated the highest primary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and T-helper responses. Mice immunized with one of the HIV-1 Gag DNA vectors (but not with the control vector pcDNA3.1) developed a protective immune response against infection with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HIV-1 Gag, and this response persisted for 125 days. The magnitude of the protection correlated with the levels of Gag-specific ex vivo CTL activity and the number of CD8+ T cells producing gamma interferon. The DNA vector encoding the Sc-Gag induced higher levels of protection and greater secondary CTL responses than did the DNA vector encoding Cy-Gag.

scholarly journals Cellular Immune Responses against Simian T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Target Tax in Infected Baboons

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 5280-5291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Castro ◽  
Teresa M. Giret ◽  
Diogo M. Magnani ◽  
Helen S. Maxwell ◽  
Oliver Umland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Tax Protein ◽  
Baboon Model ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACTThere are currently 5 million to 10 million human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected people, and many of them will develop severe complications resulting from this infection. A vaccine is urgently needed in areas where HTLV-1 is endemic. Many vaccines are best tested in nonhuman primate animal models. As a first step in designing an effective HTLV-1 vaccine, we defined the CD8+and CD4+T cell response against simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1), a virus closely related to HTLV-1, in olive baboons (Papioanubis). Consistent with persistent antigenic exposure, we observed that STLV-1-specific CD8+T cells displayed an effector memory phenotype and usually expressed CD107a, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). To assess the viral targets of the cellular immune response in STLV-1-infected animals, we used intracellular cytokine staining to detect responses against overlapping peptides covering the entire STLV-1 proteome. Our results show that, similarly to humans, the baboon CD8+T cell response narrowly targeted the Tax protein. Our findings suggest that the STLV-1-infected baboon model may recapitulate some of the important aspects of the human response against HTLV-1 and could be an important tool for the development of immune-based therapy and prophylaxis.IMPORTANCEHTLV-1 infection can lead to many different and often fatal conditions. A vaccine deployed in areas of high prevalence might reduce the incidence of HTLV-1-induced disease. Unfortunately, there are very few animal models of HTLV-1 infection useful for testing vaccine approaches. Here we describe cellular immune responses in baboons against a closely related virus, STLV-1. We show for the first time that the immune response against STLV-1 in naturally infected baboons is largely directed against the Tax protein. Similar findings in humans and the sequence similarity between the human and baboon viruses suggest that the STLV-1-infected baboon model might be useful for developing a vaccine against HTLV-1.

scholarly journals Induction of Neutralizing Antibodies and Gag-Specific Cellular Immune Responses to an R5 Primary Isolate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Rhesus Macaques

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (13) ◽  
pp. 5879-5890 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Montefiori ◽  
Jeffrey T. Safrit ◽  
Shari L. Lydy ◽  
Ashley P. Barry ◽  
Miroslawa Bilska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The ability to generate antibodies that cross-neutralize diverse primary isolates is an important goal for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine development. Most of the candidate HIV-1 vaccines tested in humans and nonhuman primates have failed in this regard. Past efforts have focused almost entirely on the envelope glycoproteins of a small number of T-cell line-adapted strains of the virus as immunogens. Here we assessed the immunogenicity of noninfectious virus-like particles (VLP) consisting of Gag, Pro (protease), and Env from R5 primary isolate HIV-1Bx08. Immunogens were delivered to rhesus macaques in the form of either purified VLP, recombinant DNA and canarypox (ALVAC) vectors engineered to express VLP, or a combination of these products. Seroconversion to Gag and Pro was detected in all of the immunized animals. Antibodies that could neutralize HIV-1Bx08 were detected in animals that received (i) coinoculations with DNABx08 and VLPBx08, (ii) DNABx08 followed by ALVACBx08 boosting, and (iii) VLPBx08 alone. The neutralizing antibodies were highly strain specific despite the fact that they did not appear to be directed to linear epitopes in the V3 loop. Virus-specific cellular immune responses also were generated, as judged by the presence of Gag-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing cells. These cellular immune responses required the inclusion of DNABx08 in the immunization modality, since few or no IFN-γ-producing cells were detected in animals that received either VLPBx08 or ALVACBx08 alone. The results demonstrate the feasibility of generating neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses that target an R5 primary HIV-1 isolate by vaccination in primates.

scholarly journals Attenuated Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Can Be Used as an Immunizing Agent under Conditions of Preexisting Immunity to the Vector

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (16) ◽  
pp. 7651-7655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Ramírez ◽  
M. Magdalena Gherardi ◽  
Dolores Rodríguez ◽  
Mariano Esteban
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT A problem associated with the use of vaccinia virus recombinants as vaccines is the existence of a large human population with preexisting immunity to the vector. Here we showed that after a booster with attenuated recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA), higher humoral and cellular immune responses to foreign antigens (human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Env and β-galactosidase) were found in mice preimmunized with rMVA than in mice primed with the virulent Western Reserve strain and boosted with rMVA. This enhancement correlated with higher levels of expression of foreign antigens after the booster.

Augmented Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Induced by Canine Adenovirus Type 1 DNA Vaccine in BALB/c Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Xia Wang ◽  
Long Zheng ◽  
Shu-Xia Song ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Li-Min Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune
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