Nest temperature: Effects on maternal behavior, pup development, and interactions with handling

1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Jans ◽  
Barbara C. Woodside
1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Massaro ◽  
David A. Levitsky ◽  
Richard H. Barnes

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Massaro ◽  
David A. Levitsky ◽  
Richard H. Barnes

2017 ◽  
pp. S469-S479
Author(s):  
R. ŠLAMBEROVÁ ◽  
J. RUDÁ-KUČEROVÁ ◽  
Z. BABINSKÁ ◽  
M. ŠEVČÍKOVÁ

Olfactory bulbectomy in rodents is considered a putative model of depression. Depression is often associated with drug addiction. Our previous studies demonstrated that methamphetamine (MA) administration to rat mothers affects both, mothers and their pups. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of bulbectomy, as a model of depression, and MA administration on behavior of rat mothers and postnatal development of their pups. Adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: bulbectomized (OBX) and sham-operated (SH). A period of 20 days was allowed for the development of the depressive-like phenotype. Animals were tested in the motor activity test and 2 % sucrose preference for anhedonia and hyperactive locomotor response to a novel environment, respectively. After then females were impregnated. Pregnant females were exposed to daily subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of MA (5 mg/kg) or saline (SA) during the entire gestation period. Postnatally, maternal behavior and pup development was examined. The effect of a challenge dose of MA (1 mg/kg, s.c.) on behavior was further examined in adult male offspring. Our results showed no differences in the maternal behavior as a matter of bulbectomy, only OBX rats slept more than all the SH controls. Pups from OBX mothers were born with lower birthweight and gained less weight during the postnatal development than pups from SH controls. Both, bulbectomy and MA administration, delayed the eyes opening. As a matter of functional development of the pups, maternal OBX procedure impaired the performance in the Bar-holding test, but only in saline group. OBX/SA group was the worst in the Bar-holding test relative to all the other groups. In addition, pups from OBX mothers dropped more boluses during the Bar-holding test, suggesting that they were more stressed. In adult male offspring, bulbectomy increased immobility only in the SA/SA group. Prenatal MA exposure increased locomotion, while decreasing immobility. In addition, challenge dose of MA in adulthood increased distance traveled, locomotion, rearing, and average and maximal velocity, while decreasing immobility and grooming. In conclusion, our results suggest that depressive-like phenotype of rat mothers induces impairment in somatic and functional development of their male offspring.


1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Deviterne ◽  
Didier Desor ◽  
Bertrand Krafft

Zoo Biology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 394-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Alligood ◽  
Catharine J. Wheaton ◽  
Holly M. Forde ◽  
Kathleen N. Smith ◽  
Andre J. Daneault ◽  
...  

Endocrinology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 1088-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G Kougias ◽  
Laura R Cortes ◽  
Laura Moody ◽  
Steven Rhoads ◽  
Yuan-Xiang Pan ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
L. S. Lin ◽  
K. P. Gumz ◽  
A. V. Karg ◽  
C. C. Law

Carbon and temperature effects on carbide formation in the carburized zone of M50NiL are of great importance because they can be used to control surface properties of bearings. A series of homogeneous alloys (with M50NiL as base composition) containing various levels of carbon in the range of 0.15% to 1.5% (in wt.%) and heat treated at temperatures between 650°C to 1100°C were selected for characterizations. Eleven samples were chosen for carbide characterization and chemical analysis and their identifications are listed in Table 1.Five different carbides consisting of M6C, M2C, M7C3 and M23C6 were found in all eleven samples examined as shown in Table 1. M6C carbides (with least carbon) were found to be the major carbide in low carbon alloys (<0.3% C) and their amounts decreased as the carbon content increased. In sample C (0.3% C), most particles (95%) encountered were M6C carbide with a particle sizes range between 0.05 to 0.25 um. The M6C carbide are enriched in both Mo and Fe and have a fee structure with lattice parameter a=1.105 nm (Figure 1).


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