Graph-based optimal asynchronous scheduling in large propagation delay underwater acoustic sensor networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. e4412
Author(s):  
Mridula K. M. ◽  
P. M. Ameer
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Asynchronous Scheduling

scholarly journals Packet Flow Based Reinforcement Learning MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2284
Author(s):  
Ibrahim B. Alhassan ◽  
Paul D. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Acoustic Sensor Networks

Medium access control (MAC) is one of the key requirements in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). For a MAC protocol to provide its basic function of efficient sharing of channel access, the highly dynamic underwater environment demands MAC protocols to be adaptive as well. Q-learning is one of the promising techniques employed in intelligent MAC protocol solutions, however, due to the long propagation delay, the performance of this approach is severely limited by reliance on an explicit reward signal to function. In this paper, we propose a restructured and a modified two stage Q-learning process to extract an implicit reward signal for a novel MAC protocol: Packet flow ALOHA with Q-learning (ALOHA-QUPAF). Based on a simulated pipeline monitoring chain network, results show that the protocol outperforms both ALOHA-Q and framed ALOHA by at least 13% and 148% in all simulated scenarios, respectively.

scholarly journals GSR-TDMA: A Geometric Spatial Reuse-Time Division Multiple Access MAC Protocol for Multihop Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changho Yun ◽  
Yong-Kon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
Spatial Reuse ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Acoustic Sensor Networks

The nonnegligible propagation delay of acoustic signals causes spatiotemporal uncertainty that occasionally enables simultaneous, collision-free packet transmission among underwater nodes (UNs). These transmissions can be handled by efficiently managing the channel access of the UNs in the data-link layer. To this end, Geometric Spatial Reuse-TDMA (GSR-TDMA), a new TDMA-based MAC protocol, is designed for use in centralized, multihop underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), and in this case all UNs are periodically scheduled after determining a geometric map according to the information on their location. The scheduling strategy increases the number of UNs that send packets coincidentally via two subscheduling configurations (i.e., interhop and intrahop scheduling). Extensive simulations are used to investigate the reception success rate (RSR) and the multihop delay (MHD) of GSR-TDMA, and the results are compared to those of previous approaches, including C-MAC and HSR-TDMA. GSR-TDMA outperforms C-MAC; the RSR of GSR-TDMA is 15% higher than that of C-MAC, and the MHD of GSR-TDMA is 30% lower than that of C-MAC at the most. In addition, GSR-TDMA provides even better performance improvements over HSR-TDMA; the RSR of GSR-TDMA is 50% higher than that of HSR-TDMA, and the MHD of GSR-TDMA is an order of102lower than that of HSR-TDMA at the most.

scholarly journals Shortest Propagation Delay-Based Relay Selection for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 37923-37935
Author(s):  
Ramsha Narmeen ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad ◽  
Zeeshan Kaleem ◽  
Umair Ahmad Mughal ◽  
Daniel Benevides Da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Relay Selection ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals DAMAC: A Delay-Aware MAC Protocol for Ad Hoc Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5229
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al Al Guqhaiman ◽  
Oluwatobi Akanbi ◽  
Amer Aljaedi ◽  
Adel R. Alharbi ◽  
C. Edward Chow
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Acoustic Sensor Networks

In a channel shared by several nodes, the scheduling algorithm is a key factor to avoiding collisions in the random access-based approach. Commonly, scheduling algorithms can be used to enhance network performance to meet certain requirements. Therefore, in this paper we propose a Delay-Aware Media Access Control (DAMAC) protocol for monitoring time-sensitive applications over multi-hop in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs), which relies on the random access-based approach where each node uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) to determine channel status, switches nodes on and off to conserve energy, and allows concurrent transmissions to improve the underwater communication in the UASNs. In addition, DAMAC does not require any handshaking packets prior to data transmission, which helps to improve network performance in several metrics. The proposed protocol considers the long propagation delay to allow concurrent transmissions, meaning nodes are scheduled to transmit their data packets concurrently to exploit the long propagation delay between underwater nodes. The simulation results show that DAMAC protocol outperforms Aloha, BroadcastMAC, RMAC, Tu-MAC, and OPMAC protocols under varying network loads in terms of energy efficiency, communication overhead, and fairness of the network by up to 65%, 45%, and 726%, respectively.

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