Effective radial Liapunov exponent for the radial diffusion of test electrons

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (34) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maluckov ◽  
N. Nakajima ◽  
M. Okamoto ◽  
S. Murakami ◽  
R. Kanno
Keyword(s):  
Radial Diffusion ◽  
Liapunov Exponent

Mass Spectrometry-Based Identification of Urinary Antimicrobial Peptides in Dairy Cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-235
Author(s):  
Ambika Sharma ◽  
Rajesh Nigam ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Simmi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Radial Diffusion ◽  
Protein Database ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Radial Diffusion Assay ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Background:: Urine is considered one of the biological fluids in which antimicrobial peptides are secreted or expressed. Cow urine has not been investigated for the presence of these peptides using MALDI-TOF-MS. Objective:: The aim of this study is to isolate, identify and assess the antimicrobial activity of urinary antimicrobial peptides from healthy normal cycling cows. Method:: We analyzed the urine sample using diafiltration, ion exchange chromatography, Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC), acid urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (AU-PAGE) coupled with identification through Peptide Mass Fingerprinting (PMF) by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDITOF- MS). The in vitro antimicrobial effects of purified fractions were assessed using Radial Diffusion Assay (RDA) and microtitre broth dilution assay against Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. Results: : Proteins corresponding to the peaks were identified using SWISSPROT protein database. This study revealed constitutive expression of β-Defensin-1 (DEFB1), β-Defensin-4A (DFB4A), Neutrophil Defensin-1 (DEF1), Neutrophil Defensin-3 (DEF3) in cow urine. The identified peptides are cationic antimicrobial peptides of the defensin family. The purified fractions exhibited antimicrobial effects in radial diffusion assay and MIC values in the range of 2.93-29.3 &*#181;M/L. Conclusion:: This study concludes that cow urine, previously unexplored with regard to antimicrobial peptides, would be a promising source of highly potent AMPs and an effective alternative to the resistant antibiotics.

scholarly journals Electric and magnetic radial diffusion coefficients using the Van Allen probes data

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 9586-9607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashar F. Ali ◽  
David M. Malaspina ◽  
Scot R. Elkington ◽  
Allison N. Jaynes ◽  
Anthony A. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Radial Diffusion ◽  
Van Allen Probes

Radial diffusion coefficients database in the frame of SafeSpace project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Katsavrias ◽  
Ioannis A. Daglis ◽  
Afroditi Nasi ◽  
Constantinos Papadimitriou ◽  
Marina Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Radial Diffusion ◽  
Relativistic Electrons ◽  
Outer Radiation Belt ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cycle 24

<p>Radial diffusion has been established as one of the most important mechanisms contributing the acceleration and loss of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt. Over the past few years efforts have been devoted to provide empirical relationships of radial diffusion coefficients (D<sub>LL</sub>) for radiation belt simulations yet several studies have suggested that the difference between the various models can be orders of magnitude different at high levels of geomagnetic activity as the observed D<sub>LL</sub> have been shown to be highly event-specific. In the frame of SafeSpace project we have used 12 years (2009 – 2020) of multi-point magnetic and electric field measurements from THEMIS A, D and E satellites to create a database of calculated D<sub>LL</sub>. In this work we present the first statistics on the evolution of D<sub>LL </sub>during the various phases of Solar cycle 24 with respect to the various solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices.</p><p>This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme “SafeSpace” under grant agreement No 870437.</p>

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