JA signaling is required for defense responses against both Alternaria alternata and Phytophthora nicotianae and is conserved in wild Nicotiana attenuata and cultivated tobacco

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu Long ◽  
Mao Yang ◽  
Cailian Zuo ◽  
Na Song ◽  
Jun‐Min He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Ja Signaling

scholarly journals Flower-specific jasmonate signaling regulates constitutive floral defenses in wild tobacco

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (34) ◽  
pp. E7205-E7214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Li ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Meredith C. Schuman ◽  
Arne Weinhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Inducible Defenses ◽  
Defensive Compounds ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Fitness Value ◽  
Ja Signaling

Optimal defense (OD) theory predicts that within a plant, tissues are defended in proportion to their fitness value and risk of predation. The fitness value of leaves varies greatly and leaves are protected by jasmonate (JA)-inducible defenses. Flowers are vehicles of Darwinian fitness in flowering plants and are attacked by herbivores and pathogens, but how they are defended is rarely investigated. We used Nicotiana attenuata, an ecological model plant with well-characterized herbivore interactions to characterize defense responses in flowers. Early floral stages constitutively accumulate greater amounts of two well-characterized defensive compounds, the volatile (E)-α-bergamotene and trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TPIs), which are also found in herbivore-induced leaves. Plants rendered deficient in JA biosynthesis or perception by RNA interference had significantly attenuated floral accumulations of defensive compounds known to be regulated by JA in leaves. By RNA-seq, we found a JAZ gene, NaJAZi, specifically expressed in early-stage floral tissues. Gene silencing revealed that NaJAZi functions as a flower-specific jasmonate repressor that regulates JAs, (E)-α-bergamotene, TPIs, and a defensin. Flowers silenced in NaJAZi are more resistant to tobacco budworm attack, a florivore. When the defensin was ectopically expressed in leaves, performance of Manduca sexta larvae, a folivore, decreased. NaJAZi physically interacts with a newly identified NINJA-like protein, but not the canonical NINJA. This NINJA-like recruits the corepressor TOPLESS that contributes to the suppressive function of NaJAZi on floral defenses. This study uncovers the defensive function of JA signaling in flowers, which includes components that tailor JA signaling to provide flower-specific defense.

Novel β-1,3-, 1,6-oligoglucan elicitor from Alternaria alternata 102 for defense responses in tobacco

FEBS Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 273 (11) ◽  
pp. 2421-2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Shinya ◽  
Rozenn Ménard ◽  
Ikuko Kozone ◽  
Hideaki Matsuoka ◽  
Naoto Shibuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Defense Responses

scholarly journals Comprehensive Identification of PTI Suppressors in Type III Effector Repertoire Reveals that Ralstonia solanacearum Activates Jasmonate Signaling at Two Different Steps

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahito Nakano ◽  
Takafumi Mukaihara
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Cysteine Protease ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Jaz Proteins ◽  
Ros Burst ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Activity Dependent

Ralstonia solanacearum is the causative agent of bacterial wilt in many plants. To identify R. solanacearum effectors that suppress pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants, we transiently expressed R. solanacearum RS1000 effectors in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and evaluated their ability to suppress the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by flg22. Out of the 61 effectors tested, 11 strongly and five moderately suppressed the flg22-triggered ROS burst. Among them, RipE1 shared homology with the Pseudomonas syringae cysteine protease effector HopX1. By yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified jasmonate-ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, which are transcriptional repressors of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway in plants, as RipE1 interactors. RipE1 promoted the degradation of JAZ repressors and induced the expressions of JA-responsive genes in a cysteine–protease-activity-dependent manner. Simultaneously, RipE1, similarly to the previously identified JA-producing effector RipAL, decreased the expression level of the salicylic acid synthesis gene that is required for the defense responses against R. solanacearum. The undecuple mutant that lacks 11 effectors with a strong PTI suppression activity showed reduced growth of R. solanacearum in Nicotiana plants. These results indicate that R. solanacearum subverts plant PTI responses using multiple effectors and manipulates JA signaling at two different steps to promote infection.

scholarly journals Effect of Ethanol Vapor Treatment on the Growth of Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea and Defense-Related Enzymes of Fungi-Inoculated Blueberry During Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaru Ji ◽  
Wenzhong Hu ◽  
Jia Liao ◽  
Zhilong Xiu ◽  
Aili Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ethanol Vapor ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Structure And Ultrastructure ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Vapor Treatment

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ethanol vapor on the inhibition of Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea in postharvest blueberry and the induction of defense-related enzymes (DREs) activities in fungi-inoculated blueberries stored at 0±0.5°C for 16days. Results indicated that ethanol vapor markedly inhibited the mycelial growth of A. alternata and B. cinerea in a dose-dependent manner, with inhibition rates of 9.1% (250μlL−1), 36.4% (500μlL−1), and 5.5% (1,000μlL−1) on A. alternata and 14.2% (250μlL−1), 44.7% (500μlL−1), and 76.6% (1,000μlL−1) on B. cinerea, respectively. Meanwhile, ethanol vapor also enhanced the activities of DREs in fungi-inoculated blueberries, including β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), chitinase (CHI), phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). In particular, 500μlL−1 ethanol vapor increased the activities of DREs by 84.7% (GLU), 88.0% (CHI), 37.9% (PAL), 85.5% (POD), and 247.0% (PPO) in A. alternata-inoculated blueberries and 103.8% (GLU), 271.1% (CHI), 41.1% (PAL), 148.3% (POD), and 74.4% (PPO) in B. cinerea-inoculated blueberries, respectively. But, the activity of PPO was decreased by 55.2 and 31.9% in 500μlL−1 ethanol-treated blueberries inoculated with A. alternata and B. cinerea, respectively, after 8days of storage. Moreover, the surface structure and ultrastructure of 500μlL−1 ethanol-treated blueberry fruit cells were more integrated than those of other treatments. The findings of the present study suggest that ethanol could be used as an activator of defense responses in blueberry against Alternaria and Botrytis rots, by activating DREs, having practical application value in the preservation of postharvest fruit and vegetables.

Recalculating growth and defense strategies under competition: key roles of photoreceptors and jasmonates

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (13) ◽  
pp. 3425-3434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos L Ballaré ◽  
Amy T Austin
Keyword(s):  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Functional Explanation ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Defense Syndrome

AbstractThe growth–defense trade-off in plant biology has gained enormous traction in the last two decades, highlighting the importance of understanding how plants deal with two of the greatest challenges for their survival and reproduction. It has been well established that in response to competition signals perceived by informational photoreceptors, shade-intolerant plants typically activate the shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS). In turn, in response to signals of biotic attack, plants activate a suite of defense responses, many of which are directed to minimize the loss of plant tissue to the attacking agent (broadly defined, the defense syndrome, DS). We argue that components of the SAS, including increased elongation, apical dominance, reduced leaf mass per area (LMA), and allocation to roots, are in direct conflict with configurational changes that plants require to maximize defense. We hypothesize that these configurational trade-offs provide a functional explanation for the suppression of components of the DS in response to competition cues. Based on this premise, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms by which informational photoreceptors, by interacting with jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, help the plant to make intelligent allocation and developmental decisions that optimize its configuration in complex biotic contexts.

scholarly journals Investigating Proteome and Transcriptome Defense Response of Apples Induced by Yarrowia lipolytica

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyin Zhang ◽  
Liangliang Chen ◽  
Yiwen Sun ◽  
Lina Zhao ◽  
Xiangfeng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Ja Signaling

A better understanding of the mode of action of postharvest biocontrol agents on fruit surfaces is critical for the advancement of successful implementation of postharvest biocontrol products. This is due to the increasing importance of biological control of postharvest diseases over chemical and other control methods. However, most of the mechanisms involved in biological control remain unknown and need to be explored. Yarrowia lipolytica significantly inhibited blue mold decay of apples caused by Penicillium expansum. The findings also demonstrated that Y. lipolytica stimulated the activities of polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, chitinase, l-phenylalanine ammonia lyase involved in enhancing defense responses in apple fruit tissue. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed a total of 35 proteins identified as up- and down-regulated in response to the Y. lipolytica inducement. These proteins were related to defense, biotic stimulus, and stress responses, such as pathogenesis-related proteins and dehydrin. The analysis of the transcriptome results proved that the induced resistance was mediated by a crosstalk between salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene/jasmonate (ET/JA) pathways. Y. lipolytica treatment activated the expression of isochorismate synthase gene in the SA pathway, which up-regulates the expression of PR4 in apple. The expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene and ET-responsive transcription factors 2 and 4, which are involved in the ET pathway, were also activated. In addition, cytochrome oxidase I, which plays an important role in JA signaling for resistance acquisition, was also activated. However, not all of the genes had a positive effect on the SA and ET/JA signal pathways. As transcriptional repressors in JA signaling, TIFY3B and TIFY11B were triggered by the yeast, but the gene expression levels were relatively low. Taken together, Y. lipolytica induced the SA and ET/JA signal mediating the defense pathways by stimulating defense response genes, such as peroxidase, thaumatin-like protein, and chitinase 4-like, which are involved in defense response in apple. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals NaMYC2 transcription factor regulates a subset of plant defense responses in Nicotiana attenuata

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkamu G Woldemariam ◽  
Son Truong Dinh ◽  
Youngjoo Oh ◽  
Emmanuel Gaquerel ◽  
Ian T Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Plant Defense Responses

scholarly journals AaCOI1, Encoding a CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1-Like Protein of Artemisia annua L., Is Involved in Development, Defense, and Anthocyanin Synthesis

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Liu ◽  
Jinbiao Wang ◽  
Mu Xiao ◽  
Xiewang Gao ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Native Promoter ◽  
Meja Treatment ◽  
F Box Protein ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Artemisia annua is an important medicinal plant producing the majority of the antimalarial compound artemisinin. Jasmonates are potent inducers of artemisinin accumulation in Artemisisa annua plants. As the receptor of jasmonates, the F-box protein COI1 is critical to the JA signaling required for plant development, defense, and metabolic homeostasis. AaCOI1 from Artemisia annua, homologous to Arabidopsis AtCOI1, encodes a F-box protein located in the nuclei. Expressional profiles of the AaCOI1 in the root, stem, leaves, and inflorescence was investigated. The mRNA abundance of AaCOI1 was the highest in inflorescence, followed by in the leaves. Upon mechanical wounding or MeJA treatment, expression of AaCOI1 was upregulated after 6 h. When ectopically expressed, driven by the native promoter from Arabidopsis thaliana, AaCOI1 could partially complement the JA sensitivity and defense responses, but fully complemented the fertility, and the JA-induced anthocyanin accumulation in a coi1-16 loss-of-function mutant. Our study identifies the paralog of AtCOI1 in Artemisia annua, and revealed its implications in development, hormone signaling, defense, and metabolism. The results provide insight into JA perception in Artemisia annua, and pave the way for novel molecular breeding strategies in the canonical herbs to manipulate the anabolism of pharmaceutic compounds on the phytohormonal level.

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