The fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae var. lolii plays a limited role in mediating crown rust severity in perennial ryegrass

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 1090-1104
Author(s):  
Garett C. Heineck ◽  
Yinjie Qiu ◽  
Nancy J. Ehlke ◽  
Eric Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Epichloë Festucae ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
Rust Severity

scholarly journals Effects of the Fungal Endophyte Epichloë festucae var. lolii on Growth and Physiological Responses of Perennial Ryegrass cv. Fairway to Combined Drought and Pathogen Stresses

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
Tingyu Duan ◽  
Yanzhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Epichloë Festucae ◽  
Combined Stresses

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is widely cultivated around the world for turf and forage. However, the plant is highly susceptible to disease and is sensitive to drought. The present study aims to determine the effect of the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae var. lolii of perennial ryegrass on the combined stresses of drought and disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana in the greenhouse. In the experiment, plants infected (E+) or not infected (E−) with the fungal endophyte were inoculated with Bipolaris sorokiniana and put under different soil water regimes (30%, 50%, and 70%). The control treatment consisted of E+ and E− plants not inoculated with B. sorokiniana. Plant growth, phosphorus (P) uptake, photosynthetic parameters, and other physiological indices were evaluated two weeks after pathogen infection. The fungal endophyte in E+ plants increased P uptake, plant growth, and photosynthetic parameters but decreased the malondialdehyde concentration, proline content, and disease incidence of perennial ryegrass (p < 0.05). E+ plants had the lowest disease incidence at 70% soil water (p < 0.05). The study demonstrates that the fungal endophyte E. festucae var. lolii is beneficial for plant growth and stress tolerance in perennial ryegrass exposed to the combined stresses of drought and B. sorokiniana.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Lolium perenne (Perennial Ryegrass) Seedborne Microbiome across Cultivars, Time, and Biogeography: Implications for Microbiome Breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Ian Tannenbaum ◽  
Brendan Rodoni ◽  
German Spangenberg ◽  
Ross Mann ◽  
Tim Sawbridge
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Epichloë Festucae ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Single Seeds ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Parental Plant

Research into the bacterial component of the seed microbiome has been intensifying, with the aim of understanding its structure and potential for exploitation. We previously studied the intergenerational seed microbiome of one cultivar of perennial ryegrass with and without one strain of the commercially deployed fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae var. lolii. The work described here expands on our previous study by exploring the bacterial seed microbiome of different commercial cultivar/Epichloë festucae var. lolii combinations in collections of single seeds from the harvest year 2016. In this dataset, a cultivar effect could be seen between the seed microbiomes from cultivars Alto and Trojan. The bacterial component of the seed microbiome from pooled seeds from a single cultivar/E. festucae var. lolii combination harvested from 13 seed production farms around Canterbury in the year 2018 was also studied. This dataset allows the effect of different production locations on the bacterial seed microbiome to be examined. By comparing the two sets of data, bacteria from the genera Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Duganella, Massilia, and an unknown Enterobacteriaceae were observed to be in common. This core bacterial microbiome was stable over time but could be affected by supplemental taxa derived from the growth environment of the parental plant; differing microbiomes were seen between different seed production farms. By comparison to a collection of bacterial isolates, we demonstrated that many of the members of the core microbiome were culturable. This allows for the possibility of exploiting these microbes in the future.

scholarly journals Examining the Impacts of CO2 Concentration and Genetic Compatibility on Perennial Ryegrass—Epichloë festucae var lolii Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Jennifer Geddes-McAlister ◽  
Arjun Sukumaran ◽  
Aurora Patchett ◽  
Heather A. Hager ◽  
Jenna C. M. Dale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Genetic Incompatibility ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Epichloë Festucae

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is the most cultivated cool-season grass worldwide with crucial roles in carbon fixation, turfgrass applications, and fodder for livestock. Lolium perenne forms a mutualism with the strictly vertically transmitted fungal endophyte, Epichloë festucae var lolii. The fungus produces alkaloids that protect the grass from herbivory, as well as conferring protection from drought and nutrient stress. The rising concentration of atmospheric CO2, a proximate cause of climatic change, is known to have many direct and indirect effects on plant growth. There is keen interest in how the nature of this plant–fungal interaction will change with climate change. Lolium perenne is an obligately outcrossing species, meaning that the genetic profile of the host is constantly being reshuffled. Meanwhile, the fungus is asexual implying both a relatively constant genetic profile and the potential for incompatible grass–fungus pairings. In this study, we used a single cultivar, “Alto”, of L. perenne. Each plant was infected with one of four strains of the endophyte: AR1, AR37, NEA2, and Lp19 (the “common strain”). We outcrossed the Alto mothers with pollen from a number of individuals from different ryegrass cultivars to create more genetic diversity in the hosts. We collected seed such that we had replicate maternal half-sib families. Seed from each family was randomly allocated into the two levels of the CO2 treatment, 400 and 800 ppm. Elevated CO2 resulted in an c. 18% increase in plant biomass. AR37 produced higher fungal concentrations than other strains; NEA2 produced the lowest fungal concentrations. We did not find evidence of genetic incompatibility between the host plants and the fungal strains. We conducted untargeted metabolomics and quantitative proteomics to investigate the grass-fungus interactions between and within family and treatment groups. We identified a number of changes in both the proteome and metabalome. Taken together, our data set provides new understanding into the intricacy of the interaction between endophyte and host from multiple molecular levels and suggests opportunity to promote plant robustness and survivability in rising CO2 environmental conditions through application of bioprotective epichloid strains.

USE OF CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETIC MANIPULATION TO IMPROVE PASTURE PLANTS

1988 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
D.W.R. White
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pasture Plants

Cell culture and genetic engineering techniques can be used to develop improved pasture plants. To utilise these methods we have developed procedures for regenerating plants from tissue cultures of perennial ryegrass and white clover. In both, the plant genotype influences regeneration capacity. There was significant genetic variation among regenerated perennial ryegrass plants in a wide range of characteristics. Most of the regenerants were resIstant to crown rust and this trait was highly heritable. This rust resistance is being used to breed a new ryegrass cultivar. A system for introducing cloned genes into white clover is described. This capability is bemg used to incorporate genes with the potential to improve nutritional quality and pest resistance. Other possibilities for engineering genetic improvements in white clover, genes conferring herbicide tolerance and resistance to white clover mosaic virus, are briefly outlined. Keywords: Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, cell culture, somaclonal variation, crown rust resistance, transformation, cloned genes, nutritional quality, proteinase inhibitors, Bt toxins, pest resistance, WCMV viral cross-protection, herbicide tolerance, Agrobacterium, Bacillus thuringenisis.

Detection of favorable alleles for plant height and crown rust tolerance in three connected populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1139-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Pauly ◽  
Sandrine Flajoulot ◽  
Jérôme Garon ◽  
Bernadette Julier ◽  
Vincent Béguier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Connected Populations

scholarly journals CROWN RUST ON PERENNIAL RYEGRASS IN FIELD TRIALS

1989 ◽  
pp. 253-254
Author(s):  
H.S. Easton ◽  
B.M. Cooper ◽  
T.J. Frasers ◽  
K.H. Widdup
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Rust Infection

Crown rust infection of 11 perennial ryegrass cultivars vaned significantly and consistently over 6 sites. 'Grasslands Ariki,' the new cultivar 'Yatsyn' and Grasslands selections G26 and G33 were less infected than 'Grasslands Nui', 'Ellett' or 'Grasslands Ruanui'. 'Droughtmaster' and 'Marathon' proved more susceptible than most. Keywords: Crown rust, Puccinia coronata. perenmal ryegrass

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