scholarly journals Sugarcane and sugar yields in Louisiana (1911–2018): Varietal development and mechanization

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1303-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Schmitz ◽  
P. Lynn Kennedy ◽  
Fangyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Varietal Development

scholarly journals Contribution of policy change on maize varietal development and yields in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latha Nagarajan ◽  
Anwar Naseem ◽  
Carl Pray
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
The Public ◽  
Varietal Development ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Maize Yields

Purpose Since the start of seed and other market reforms in the 1990s, the annual number of improved varietal releases for maize in Kenya has increased substantially. Prior to the reforms, private firms were restricted in introducing new varieties, could not protect their intellectual property and farmers had to rely exclusively on improved seeds developed and marketed by the public sector. Reforms have resulted in not only private firms entering the market and releasing improved varieties, but also an increase in varietal releases by the public sector. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the key policy reforms related to maize in Kenya, and their impacts on varietal development and yields. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimate a yield model that relates national maize yields to a number of input policy variables. The authors employ a two-stage least square regression, as one of the explanatory variables – the number of varietal releases – is likely endogenous with yield. The authors use policy variables such as public R&D, the number of plant breeder’s rights issued, and the years since private varieties have been introduced as instrument variables to estimate their influence new varietal releases directly, and then new varieties, inputs and other policies to measure their impact on yields. Findings The results show that policy changes such as the introduction of intellectual property rights had an important impact on the number of improved maize varieties released. However, the outcomes of the policy change such as the number of varieties and the share of area under improved varieties has no impact on increasing maize yields. The authors argue that this is because farmers continue to use older improved varieties because of the dominance of a parastatal in the maize, seed market and that newer improved varieties may not have the assumed yield advantage. Future policy and programs should be directed toward increasing the adoption of improved varieties rather than simply releasing them. Originality/value This paper provides evidence that while policy change may lead to new varietal development and release, its aggregate productivity impacts may be limited without additional reforms and intervention.

Advances in Chickpea Breeding and Genomics for Varietal Development and Trait Improvement in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-66
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kushwah ◽  
Shayla Bindra ◽  
Inderjit Singh ◽  
G. P. Dixit ◽  
Pankaj Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Improvement ◽  
Varietal Development

Rice Varietal Development to Meet Future Challenges

2017 ◽  
pp. 161-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Nitika Sandhu ◽  
Shailesh Yadav ◽  
Sharat Kumar Pradhan ◽  
Annamalai Anandan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varietal Development ◽  
Future Challenges

Progress with Varietal Development at CCRI, Sakrand Sindh

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-468
Author(s):  
A.R. Soomro ◽  
Kaneez Soomro ◽  
A.W. Soomro ◽  
A.H. Soomro ◽  
G.H. Mallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varietal Development

scholarly journals Drivers of Dry Common Beans Trade in Lusaka, Zambia: A Trader’s Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Sichilima ◽  
Lawrence Mapemba ◽  
Gelson Tembo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Varietal Development ◽  
Market Sample

<p>This study was designed to analyze drivers of dry common beans trade in Lusaka, Zambia. Specifically, the study analyzed the effect of common bean grain characteristics on bean market price. Data was collected using structured questionnaires from 225 traders stationed in three markets namely: Soweto, Chilenje and Mtendere.</p>Using hedonic pricing, the findings reveal that medium sized grain was an important characteristic which significantly affected the pricing of common bean. For instance, it was observed that medium grain size fetched ZMW1.266 per kilogram (kg) and ZMW 1.042 per kg more than grains of smaller size in the pooled and Soweto market sample, respectively. It was further revealed that yellow, yellow and white color significantly affected the bean price received by traders. Other factors which significantly affected the pricing of beans included age of the trader, being a retail trader and trading at Chilenje market. Given these findings, common bean breeders need to include traders and consumers as important actors whose knowledge can make resourceful impact in varietal development. Furthermore, interventions by policy makers that respond to the social economic needs of traders is recommended to improve bean trade.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF GROUND NUT MATERIAL AGAINST TIKKA LEAF SPOT DISEASE UNDER NATURAL FIELD CONDITIONS AT NARC

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Shahzad Asad ◽  
Anjum Munir ◽  
Shah N. Malik ◽  
Nazakat Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Varietal Development ◽  
Susceptible Response

The ground nut material, (including germplasm, candidate line etc) was planted at NARC in a previously sick field with the objective to check material for resistance against tikka leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora personata. A total of 44 entries were evaluated under four different sets of experiments whereas BARD-479 was included as the check. Among four candidate entries one entry exhibited 1R reaction two were 3MR compared to check which showed 7S reaction. Among the 13 entries of the International Confectionery ground nut trail 5 entries showed 1R and 5 were showing 3MR reactions whereas two entries exhibited 5MS. Among fifteen entries of NUGYT, six entries were found resistant(R), seven were moderate resistant (MR) while one entry was moderately susceptible (MS). Among thirteen entries of advance medium maturity ground nut yield trail, seven were found resistant (R), four were MR while one entry exhibited MS compared to check which exhibited S reaction. Based on this evaluation it is concluded that 18 entries have exhibited the resistance against Tikka disease whereas BARD-479 (Check) showed susceptible response under natural conditions. The lines showing 1R reaction can be used in the varietal development.

Combining ability and heterosis for yield and water use efficiency traits in grounndut -A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. John ◽  
P. Raghava Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Varietal Development ◽  
Use Efficiency

Hybridization followed by selection in segregating generations is the main mode of varietal development in self-pollinated crops like groundnut. Before making crosses, it is important to know which of the parents are going to nick well and yield desirable segregants in terms of yield and other desirable attributes aimed at. There are different mating designs to identify the parents to be included in hybridization programmes. One of the widely used and most informative one is diallel mating design. After identification of parents more suitable to be involved in breeding programme, it is necessary to know the mode of inheritance of the traits to be improved to make wise choice of selection approaches to be followed in segregating generations. Therefore the breeder is constantly needing to determine the potential of additional germplasm as parents, Earlier studies suggest the importance of additive general combining ability (GCA) and non additive (specific combining ability and heterosis) genetic effects in evaluating hybrid performance among parental groundnut lines. The prominent effects on crop plants are reduction in plant growth and changes in various physiological processes. Moisture stress can also adversely influence yield attributes like number of mature pods per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, shelling per cent and harvest index.

Molecular diversity of Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) and its relation to varietal development

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Fouad Abdellatif ◽  
Yehia Abdallah Khidr ◽  
Yasser Mohammad El-Mansy ◽  
Mohammad Mohammad El-Lawendey ◽  
Yasser Abdelraouf Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Gossypium Barbadense ◽  
Varietal Development ◽  
Egyptian Cotton
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