Soil Aeration May Prevent Crop Damage During Flooding

CSA News ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 12-12
Keyword(s):  
Crop Damage ◽  
Soil Aeration

Sugarcane Weevil Borer (Rhabdoscelus Obscurus) in Fiji Islands and Recommendations Towards Its Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
Danian Singh ◽  
Lionel Joseph ◽  
Zafiar Naaz ◽  
Kelera Railoa
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Fiji Islands ◽  
The World ◽  
Raw Sugar ◽  
Viable Method ◽  
Sugarcane Weevil ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

Pests have been a constant threat to agriculture the world over. In the Fiji Islands where the major agricultural export commodity is raw sugar, the Sugarcane weevil borer is one such agricultural pest that poses a real threat to an already ailing industry. The Sugarcane weevil borer (Rhabdoscelus obscure) is a pest originally found in Papua New Guinea whose introduction into Fiji has resulted in crop damage particularly to the soft variety of sugarcane found in Fiji. This review highlights the emergence of the weevil borer and explains a possible control that could be implemented by the Fijian farmers. The current method of control in Fiji uses the split billet trap. While this method has been recognized as an economically viable method of controlling the spread of the weevil borer, it has not been completely effective in eradicating the pest. This paper highlights and puts forth recommendations on other methods which could be used by the sugarcane industry.

Behaviour of Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) and Crop Damage in the Forage Corn Field

2003 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka DEGUCHI ◽  
Shusuke SATO ◽  
Kazuo SUGAWARA
Keyword(s):  
Black Bear ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
Ursus Thibetanus ◽  
Corn Field

SOIL MORPHOLOGY AND SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. I. SOIL AERATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. AYRES ◽  
R. G. BUTTON ◽  
E. DE JONG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores

The relation between soil structure and soil aeration was investigated on undisturbed soil cores from soil horizons exhibiting six distinct kinds of soil structure (prismatic, columnar, blocky, granular, platy, massive) over a broad range of soil texture. Soil aeration was characterized at ⅓ atm suction by measurements of air porosity, relative diffusivity (D/Do) and the rate of oxygen diffusion to a platinum microelectrode (ODR). Aeration was adequate in most of the Chernozemic soil horizons studied; however, aeration in many of the Bnt horizons of the Solonetzic soils was inadequate. Air porosity and D/Do were highly correlated. The regression coefficient for D/Do vs. air porosity for blocky structures was significantly different from that found for the other five structural types. For granular structures a negative correlation was found for ODR vs. air porosity compared with a low positive correlation found for the other structure types.

scholarly journals In search of the spectral composition of an effective light trap for the mushroom pest Lycoriella ingenua (Diptera: Sciaridae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Kecskeméti ◽  
András Geösel ◽  
József Fail ◽  
Ádám Egri
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Wavelength Dependence ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Behavioural Experiments

AbstractCertain fungus gnats, like Lycoriella ingenua are notorious pests in agriculture, especially in mushroom production. While larvae cause mainly direct crop damage, adults are vectors of several dangerous fungal pathogens. To promote the development of pesticide-free management methods, such as light trapping, we measured the spectral sensitivity of L. ingenua compound eyes with electroretinography and performed two different behavioural experiments to reveal the wavelength dependence of phototaxis in this species. The spectral sensitivity of the compound eyes is bimodal with peaks at 370 nm (UV) and 526 nm (green). Behavioural experiments showed that attraction to light as a function of wavelength depends on light intensity. In our first experiment, where the minimal photon flux (105–109 photons/cm2/s) needed for eliciting a phototactic response was determined wavelength by wavelength, phototaxis was strongest in the green spectral range (~526 nm). In the other behavioural experiment, where wavelength preference was tested under a higher but constant light intensity (~1013 photons/cm2/s), the highest attraction was elicited by UV wavelengths (398 nm). Our results suggest that both UV and green are important spectral regions for L. ingenua thus we recommend to use both UV (~370-398 nm) and green (~526 nm) for trapping these insects.

scholarly journals Predicting Damage to Hop Cones by Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna L Woods ◽  
Anne E Iskra ◽  
David H Gent
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Predatory Arthropods ◽  
Cone Damage

Abstract Twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) is a cosmopolitan pest of numerous plants, including hop (Humulus lupulus L.). The most costly damage from the pest on hop results from infestation of cones, which are the harvested product, which can render crops unsalable if cones become discolored. We analyzed 14 yr of historical data from 312 individual experimental plots in western Oregon to identify risk factors associated with visual damage to hop cones from T. urticae. Logistic regression models were fit to estimate the probability of cone damage. The most predictive model was based on T. urticae-days during mid-July to harvest, which correctly predicted occurrence and nonoccurrence of cone damage in 91 and 93% of data sets, respectively, based on Youden’s index. A second model based on the ratio of T. urticae to predatory arthropods late in the season correctly predicted cone damage in 92% of data sets and nonoccurrence of damage in 77% of data sets. The model based on T. urticae abundance performed similarly when validated in 23 commercial hop yards, whereas the model based on the predator:prey ratio was relatively conservative and yielded false-positive predictions in 11 of the 23 yards. Antecedents of these risk factors were explored and quantified by structural equation modeling. A simple path diagram was constructed that conceptualizes T. urticae invasion of hop cones as dependent on prior density of the pest on leaves in early spring and summer, which in turn influences the development of predatory arthropods that mediate late-season density of the pest. In summary, the biological insights and models developed here provide guidance to pest managers on the likelihood of visual cone damage from T. urticae that can inform late-season management based on both abundance of the pest and its important predators. This is critically important because a formal economic threshold for T. urticae on hop does not exist and current management efforts may be mistimed to influence the pest when crop damage is most probable. More broadly, this research suggests that current management practices that target T. urticae early in the season may in fact predispose yards to later outbreaks of the pest.

scholarly journals Advances in automatic identification of flying insects using optical sensors and machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Kirkeby ◽  
Klas Rydhmer ◽  
Samantha M. Cook ◽  
Alfred Strand ◽  
Martin T. Torrance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Remote Sensor ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive

AbstractWorldwide, farmers use insecticides to prevent crop damage caused by insect pests, while they also rely on insect pollinators to enhance crop yield and other insect as natural enemies of pests. In order to target pesticides to pests only, farmers must know exactly where and when pests and beneficial insects are present in the field. A promising solution to this problem could be optical sensors combined with machine learning. We obtained around 10,000 records of flying insects found in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) crops, using an optical remote sensor and evaluated three different classification methods for the obtained signals, reaching over 80% accuracy. We demonstrate that it is possible to classify insects in flight, making it possible to optimize the application of insecticides in space and time. This will enable a technological leap in precision agriculture, where focus on prudent and environmentally-sensitive use of pesticides is a top priority.

Soil aeration rather than methanotrophic community drives methane uptake under drought in a subtropical forest

2021 ◽  
pp. 148292
Author(s):  
Xiaoqi Zhou ◽  
Mingyue Zhang ◽  
Sascha M.B. Krause ◽  
Xuelei Bu ◽  
Xinyun Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Methane Uptake

scholarly journals Soil aeration and redox potential as function of pore connectivity unravelled by X‐Ray microtomography imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristof Dorau ◽  
Daniel Uteau ◽  
Maren Hövels ◽  
Stephan Peth ◽  
Tim Mansfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Pore Connectivity ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals A fuzzy logic algorithm derived mechatronic concept prototype for crop damage avoidance during eco-friendly eradication of intra-row weeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Satya Prakash Kumar ◽  
V.K. Tewari ◽  
Abhilash K. Chandel ◽  
C.R. Mehta ◽  
Brajesh Nare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Algorithm ◽  
Damage Avoidance
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