Body Fluid and Energy Metabolism at High Altitude

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reed W Hoyt ◽  
Arnold Honig
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Body Fluid

scholarly journals Comprehensive analysis of coding and non-coding RNA transcriptomes related to hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Woyu Su ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Yao Ling ◽  
Woo Kyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Hypoxic Adaptation ◽  
Native Breed ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Abstract Background Tibetan chickens, a unique native breed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, possess a suite of adaptive features that enable them to tolerate the high-altitude hypoxic environment. Increasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play roles in the hypoxic adaptation of high-altitude animals, although their exact involvement remains unclear. Results This study aimed to elucidate the global landscape of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs using transcriptome sequencing to construct a regulatory network of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and thus provide insights into the hypoxic adaptation of Tibetan chicken embryos. In total, 354 differentially expressed genes (DE genes), 389 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs), and 73 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) were identified between Tibetan chickens (TC) and control Chahua chickens (CH). GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that several important DE miRNAs and their target DE lncRNAs and DE genes are involved in angiogenesis (including blood vessel development and blood circulation) and energy metabolism (including glucose, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism). The ceRNA network was then constructed with the predicted DE gene-DE miRNA-DE lncRNA interactions, which further revealed the regulatory roles of these differentially expressed RNAs during hypoxic adaptation of Tibetan chickens. Conclusions Analysis of transcriptomic data revealed several key candidate ceRNAs that may play high-priority roles in the hypoxic adaptation of Tibetan chickens by regulating angiogenesis and energy metabolism. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of hypoxic adaptation regulatory networks from the perspective of coding and non-coding RNAs.

scholarly journals Urinary Metabolites as Predictors of Acute Mountain Sickness Severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaie Sibomana ◽  
Daniel P. Foose ◽  
Michael L. Raymer ◽  
Nicholas V. Reo ◽  
J. Philip Karl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Urine Metabolites ◽  
Altitude Exposure ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Mountain Sickness

Individuals sojourning at high altitude (≥2,500m) often develop acute mountain sickness (AMS). However, substantial unexplained inter-individual variability in AMS severity exists. Untargeted metabolomics assays are increasingly used to identify novel biomarkers of susceptibility to illness, and to elucidate biological pathways linking environmental exposures to health outcomes. This study used untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics to identify urine metabolites associated with AMS severity during high altitude sojourn. Following a 21-day stay at sea level (SL; 55m), 17 healthy males were transported to high altitude (HA; 4,300m) for a 22-day sojourn. AMS symptoms measured twice daily during the first 5days at HA were used to dichotomize participants according to AMS severity: moderate/severe AMS (AMS; n=11) or no/mild AMS (NoAMS; n=6). Urine samples collected on SL day 12 and HA days 1 and 18 were analyzed using proton NMR tools and the data were subjected to multivariate analyses. The SL urinary metabolite profiles were significantly different (p≤0.05) between AMS vs. NoAMS individuals prior to high altitude exposure. Differentially expressed metabolites included elevated levels of creatine and acetylcarnitine, and decreased levels of hypoxanthine and taurine in the AMS vs. NoAMS group. In addition, the levels of two amino acid derivatives (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and N-methylhistidine) and two unidentified metabolites (doublet peaks at 3.33ppm and a singlet at 8.20ppm) were significantly different between groups at SL. By HA day 18, the differences in urinary metabolites between AMS and NoAMS participants had largely resolved. Pathway analysis of these differentially expressed metabolites indicated that they directly or indirectly play a role in energy metabolism. These observations suggest that alterations in energy metabolism before high altitude exposure may contribute to AMS susceptibility at altitude. If validated in larger cohorts, these markers could inform development of a non-invasive assay to screen individuals for AMS susceptibility prior to high altitude sojourn.

scholarly journals Energy metabolism and the high-altitude environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
High Altitude

Genetic characterization of rhesus macaque populations along the southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau based on a mitochondrial ATP6 gene closely related to energy metabolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Zhao ◽  
Kechu Zhang ◽  
Zuxiang Jin ◽  
Diyan Li ◽  
Meng Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Western Sichuan ◽  
Atp6 Gene

Abstract Background Rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta ) is widely distributed in China, across different altitudes. The mitochondrial ATP6 gene,an ATPase subunit coding gene with fast evolution rate in the mitochondrial genome, plays an important role in the energy metabolism of animals, which may be a good molecular marker for studying the adaptive evolution of animals. Herein, we detected ATP6 genes of 334 rhesus macaques of 19 populations from multiple regions in China with an elevation span of 5-4000m, and mainly carried out the population genetic and evolutionary analysis in these macaques. Our aim is to explore the molecular mechanism of rhesus macaques in adapting to different environments, especially in high altitude extreme environments. Results A total of 50 haplotypes were identified, and significant differences were found in haplotype sequences of rhesus macaque ATP6 gene at different elevations, especially in the high altitude haplotypes with multiple specific variation sites, leading to some region-specific haplotypes. Population genetic analysis showed that rhesus macaque had high genetic diversity ( Pi =0.02332 ± 0.00226, Hd =0.802 ± 0.022 and K =14.982), and there was obvious genetic differentiation among different geographical populations. Conclusions The results showed that the ATP6 gene had undergone adaptive evolution in the process of rhesus macaque adapting to different elevations, especially the high altitude environments. We also found that geographical isolation was an important factor in the genetic differentiation of rhesus macaque. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there were two subspecies of rhesus macaque in western Sichuan, namely, M. m. lasiotus and M. m. vestita , the former distributed in the western Sichuan region of the Yalong River Basin and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, while the latter distributed in the Dadu River Basin and northwest Sichuan. We speculated that the Daxueshan Mountains in western Sichuan was a critical geographical barrier for the differentiation of the two subspecies populations.

Comparative study of acetazolamide and spironolactone on body fluid compartments on induction to high altitude

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Singh ◽  
S. C. Jain ◽  
S. B. Rawal ◽  
H. M. Divekar ◽  
Rajinder Parshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid Compartments ◽  
Fluid Compartments

scholarly journals Energy Metabolism at High Altitude

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-460
Author(s):  
Yoshio Ito ◽  
Shiro Asahi ◽  
Toshio Suzuki ◽  
Hiromasa Kita
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
High Altitude

Body fluid and hematologic changes in the toad exposed to 48 h of simulated high altitude

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Biswas ◽  
P. B. Patra ◽  
M. C. Boral
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bufo Melanostictus ◽  
Simulated High Altitude ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Toad Bufo

Body fluid and hematologic changes were found in three groups of adult male toads that had been exposed to 48 h of continuous simulated altitudes of 12,000, 18,000, and 24,000 ft, respectively. Erythrocyte counts and hematocrit ratios were increased significantly in all the high-altitude-exposed animals compared with the control group of animals kept at sea level, whereas the hemoglobin concentrations were significantly increased only in the 18,000- and 24,000-ft-exposed animals. Exposure to high altitude generally caused a reduction of plasma volume, blood volume, extracellular fluid volume, and total body water. These reductions were markedly lower in the animals exposed to 24,000 ft. These simulated high-altitude effects on body fluids and hematology in the toad (Bufo melanostictus) were compared with those of the rat, birds, and humans acutely acutely exposed at various high altitudes and were found to be qualitatively similar.

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