Pancreatic Blood Flow with Special Emphasis on Blood Perfusion of the Islets of Langerhans

2019 ◽  
pp. 799-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Jansson ◽  
Per‐Ola Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Pancreatic Blood Flow

Alloxan, but not streptozotocin, increases blood perfusion of pancreatic islets in rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. E57-E63 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jansson ◽  
S. Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Perfused Pancreas ◽  
Pancreatic Blood Flow ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

It has recently been shown that selective B-cell toxins alloxan and streptozotocin (STZ) possess marked effects also on the vascular system. To evaluate to what extent changes in blood perfusion of islets induced by alloxan or STZ could be of importance for diabetogenic action of these compounds, we first investigated acute effects of alloxan (75 mg/kg body wt iv) and STZ (40 mg/kg body wt iv) on both whole pancreatic blood flow (PBF) and islet blood flow (IBF) in adult rats. Alloxan caused a marked increase in IBF, which was most pronounced 3 min after administration and remained for 30 min. PBF, however, was decreased 3 min after alloxan administration but was similar to that of control animals from 10 min and onward. These two opposite effects on IBF and PBF caused the fraction of whole PBF diverted through islets to increase from approximately 10 to 50%. Pretreatment with glucose (2 g/kg body wt iv), indomethacin (3.5 mg/kg body wt iv), dimethyl sulfoxide (10 ml/kg body wt ip of a 33% solution), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 1,000 kU/kg body wt iv), NG-methyl-L-arginine (30 mg/kg body wt iv), theophylline (7 mg/kg body wt iv), or terbutaline (1 mg/kg body wt iv) failed to affect stimulation of IBF by alloxan observed at 3 min. SOD was found to exert a marked stimulation of IBF both when given alone and together with alloxan. Alloxan increased IBF and decreased PBF also in a syngeneic pancreaticoduodenal graft in rats but did not affect flow distribution in a perfused pancreas-duodenum preparation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Pancreatic islet blood flow in normal and obese-hyperglycemic (ob/ob) mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (6) ◽  
pp. E990-E995 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. Carlsson ◽  
A. Andersson ◽  
L. Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Pancreatic Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Islet Mass ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Islet Blood Flow ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements

The present study evaluated whether a microsphere technique could be used for islet blood flow measurements in anesthetized mice. When this was confirmed, we applied the technique in different strains of mice. Approximately 9 x 10(4) microspheres could be given without interfering with mean arterial blood pressure. Mixing of the microspheres with arterial blood was adequate, and the extraction of microspheres in capillary beds was nearly 100%. In NMRI mice whole pancreatic blood flow was estimated to be 0.54 +/- 0.11 ml.min-1.g pancreatic tissue-1 and islet blood flow to be 18 +/- 4 microliters.min-1.g pancreas-1 (n = 12 animals per experiment), whereas corresponding values in lean C57Bl/6 mice were twice as high. In C57Bl/6 mice glucose (3 g/kg iv) doubled islet blood flow without affecting whole pancreatic blood flow, whereas no effect was seen after an equimolar dose of 3-O-methylglucose. In obese-hyperglycemic C57Bl/6 mice, islet blood flow was more than five times higher than in the lean C57Bl/6 mice when expressed as blood flow per gram pancreas. However, when islet blood perfusion was corrected for islet weight, it was lower in the obese than in the lean mice, suggesting an impaired ability in obese mice to increase blood flow in concert with the increased islet mass. This may contribute to the insufficient insulin secretion and resulting hyperglycemia seen in these animals.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Fibrotic Distal Ileum Stenosis after Ischemic Enteritis Using Transabdominal Ultrasonography

2021 ◽  
pp. 568-577
Author(s):  
Ryo Katsumata ◽  
Noriaki Manabe ◽  
Masaki Matsubara ◽  
Jun Nakamura ◽  
Kazuma Kawahito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Stenotic Lesion ◽  
Ischemic Enteritis

Ischemic enteritis (IE) is a rare disorder which is caused by inadequate blood flow to small intestine. The diagnostic procedure of this disease has not sufficiently established because of its rarity. Here, we report a case of IE in a hemodialysis-dependent 70-year-old man and summarize the diagnostic options for IE. The patient was admitted to our hospital because of acute abdominal distention and vomiting. He presented with mild tenderness in the lower abdomen and slightly elevated C-reactive protein level as revealed by blood tests. Radiographic imaging showed small bowel obstruction due to a stricture in the distal ileum. Contrast-enhanced abdominal ultrasonography revealed a 7-cm stenotic site with increased intestinal wall thickening, which preserved mucosal blood perfusion. Elastography revealed a highly elastic alteration of the stenotic lesion, indicating benign fibrotic changes resulting from chronic insufficient blood flow. Based on a clinical diagnosis of IE with fibrous stenosis, a partial ileostomy was performed. After surgical treatment, oral intake was initiated without recurrence of intestinal obstruction. Pathological findings revealed deep ulceration with inflammatory cell infiltration at the stenotic site. Occlusion and hyalinization of the venules in the submucosal layer indicated IE. In addition to current case, we reviewed past case reports of IE. Through this case presentation and literature review, we summarize the usefulness and safety of transabdominal ultrasonography for diagnosing IE.

Effect of synthetic chicken vasoactive intestinal peptide on pancreatic blood flow and on exocrine and endocrine secretions of the pancreas in dogs

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 724-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutomo Inoue ◽  
Tamotsu Kawano ◽  
Koichi Shima ◽  
Teruji Kim ◽  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Pancreatic Blood Flow

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the dorsal vagal complex stimulates pancreatic blood flow in rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 131 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Yoneda ◽  
Manabu Goto ◽  
Kimihide Nakamura ◽  
Shiro Yokohama ◽  
Toru Kono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Dorsal Vagal Complex ◽  
Pancreatic Blood Flow ◽  
Releasing Hormone

scholarly journals Innervation of the pancreas by substance P, enkephalin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and gastrin/CCK immunoractive nerves.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1283-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
L I Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Pancreatic Blood Flow ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Immunocytochemical Studies ◽  
Intestinal Polypeptide

Immunocytochemical studies habe shown that many peptides which profoundly affect the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas are localized to neurons. In the cat, such peptidergic nerves appear to innervate ganglia, islets and blood vessels of the pancreas, whereas their contributions to exocrine cells are minor. Our studies suggest that pancreatic ganglia represent one major site of action of the peptides and that, in addition, nerves containing the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and gastrin/CCK-related peptides profoundly affect pancreatic blood flow and insulin secretion, respectively.

scholarly journals Blood Perfusion of the Kidney of Lophius Piscatorius L.

1953 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Brull ◽  
E. Nizet ◽  
E. B. Verney
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Flow Through

Lophius kidneys perfused with the heparinized blood (venous) of the fish secrete urine in which total non-protein nitrogen is concentrated, magnesium highly concentrated, and chloride only slightly so or not at all. Oxygenation of the blood, or lowering the temperature of the perfusate from c. 20° to c. 5° C. does not appear to influence secretion. The blood flow through the kidneys increases with the perfusion pressure, the increase often becoming disproportionately large. The urine flow, on the other hand, above a certain critical level is largely independent of changes in perfusion pressure.

Lumped Parameter Thermal Model for the Study of Vascular Reactivity in the Fingertip

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ley ◽  
C. Deshpande ◽  
B. Prapamcham ◽  
M. Naghavi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Tissue Temperature

Vascular reactivity (VR) denotes changes in volumetric blood flow in response to arterial occlusion. Current techniques to study VR rely on monitoring blood flow parameters and serve to predict the risk of future cardiovascular complications. Because tissue temperature is directly impacted by blood flow, a simplified thermal model was developed to study the alterations in fingertip temperature during arterial occlusion and subsequent reperfusion (hyperemia). This work shows that fingertip temperature variation during VR test can be used as a cost-effective alternative to blood perfusion monitoring. The model developed introduces a function to approximate the temporal alterations in blood volume during VR tests. Parametric studies are performed to analyze the effects of blood perfusion alterations, as well as any environmental contribution to fingertip temperature. Experiments were performed on eight healthy volunteers to study the thermal effect of 3min of arterial occlusion and subsequent reperfusion (hyperemia). Fingertip temperature and heat flux were measured at the occluded and control fingers, and the finger blood perfusion was determined using venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP). The model was able to phenomenologically reproduce the experimental measurements. Significant variability was observed in the starting fingertip temperature and heat flux measurements among subjects. Difficulty in achieving thermal equilibration was observed, which indicates the important effect of initial temperature and thermal trend (i.e., vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, and oscillations).

Studies of pharmacological effects on pancreatic blood flow and its application to pancreatic angiography

1968 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kuroda ◽  
Y. Ishihara ◽  
Y. Kobayashi ◽  
H. Shimizu ◽  
K. Uegaki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Pancreatic Blood Flow
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