Environmental Impact of Ionic Liquids: Automated Evaluation of the Chemical Oxygen Demand of Photochemically Degraded Compounds

ChemPhysChem ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1351-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana P. F. Costa ◽  
Sarah A. P. Pereira ◽  
Paula C. A. G. Pinto ◽  
André R. T. S. Araujo ◽  
Marieta L. C. Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Automated Evaluation

Limiting Microbial Activity as an Alternative Approach of Bovine Hide Preservation Part II

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majher I. Sarker ◽  
Hailemichael O. Yosief ◽  
Cheng-Kung Liu ◽  
Nicholas P. Latona
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Bovine Hide

Wet salting of bovine hide commonly utilizes 95% saturated salt solution or 40-50% salt (w/w) on raw hide weight for preservation. The salt used for the hide preservation ends up being in wastewater and generates enormous environmental pollution. To minimize the environmental pollution problem associated with the traditional method of hide preservation, alternative formulations containing antimicrobial agents and less amount of common salt (35% saturated brine) have been developed. The alternative formulations were found to be more effective in deterring microbial growth than the traditional formulation as demonstrated by the total aerobic bacterial count of the preserved hide soaking liquor. The effect of the newly developed formulations on leather quality was assessed by analyzing the mechanical properties, scanning electron microscopic images, grain pattern and organoleptic properties of the finished leather. The quality analysis of the crust leather revealed that, the leather panels produced from the traditionally and alternatively preserved hides were comparable. The environmental impact of the newly developed formulations was also evaluated by monitoring the leather processing effluents for the pollution indicators such as total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride content, Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Bio-Chemical oxygen demand (BOD). Overall, the environmental impact of the newly developed hide preserving formulation was less severe than the traditionally used formulation. Since the newly developed formulations did not affect the quality of the leather produced and their impact on the environments is minimum, they could be considered as viable options for combatting pollution problems associated with the traditional salt curing method.

REMOVAL OF DYE AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) REDUCTION FROM TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER USING HYBRID BIOREACTORS

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Najafpour Darzi ◽  
Reza Katal ◽  
Hossein Zare ◽  
Seyed Omid Rastegar ◽  
Poorya Mavaddat
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Reduction

Spatio-temporal Variations in Water Quality Parameter Trends in River Waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2940-2952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Zelenakova ◽  
Pavol Purcz ◽  
Radu Daniel Pintilii ◽  
Peter Blistan ◽  
Petr Hlustik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen

Evaluating trends in water quality indicators is a crucial issue in integrated water resource management in any country. In this study eight chemical and physical water quality indicators were analysed in seven river profiles in the River Laborec in eastern Slovakia. The analysed water quality parameters were biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), pH, temperature (t), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and total phosphorus (TP). Data from the monitored indicators were provided by the Ko�ice branch of the Slovakian Water Management Company, over a period of 15 years from 1999 to 2013. Mann�Kendall non-parametric statistical test was used for the trend analysis. Biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, ammonium and nitrite nitrogen content exhibit decreasing trends in the River Laborec. Decreasing agricultural activity in the area has had a significant impact on the trends in these parameters. However, NO2--N was the significant parameter of water quality because it mostly exceeds the limit value set in Slovak legislation, Regulation No. 269/2010 Coll. In addition, water temperature revealed an increasing trend which could be caused by global increase in air temperature. These results indicate that human activity significantly impacts the water quality.

Treatment of a complex landfill leachate with peat

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Iron Manganese

The use of cheap, locally available peat as a treatment method for landfill leachate was investigated by passing leachate through plexiglass columns filled with an amorphous-granular peat. Preliminary adjustment of pH showed that reducing pH to 4.8 dramatically reduced adsorption. Increasing the pH to 8.4, metal removal was increased owing to filtration of precipitated metals. The best adsorption of metals occurred at the 'natural' pH of 7.1. Manganese was found to be the limiting pollutant. At the 0.05 mg/ℓ maximum acceptable manganese concentration 94% of the total metals were removed, requiring 159 kg of peat per 1000 ℓ of leachate.Resting the peat for 1 month did significantly increase removal capacity.Desorption of some contaminants occurred when water was percolated through the peat. The desorption test effluent was not toxic to fish although iron, lead and COD (chemical oxygen demand) exceeded acceptable values.Chemical pretreatment using lime and ferric chloride achieved significant iron, manganese and calcium removals. Chemical pretreatment followed by peat adsorption offered no advantage other than reducing toxicity to fish.Peat treatment alone was effective in reducing concentrations to a level that was non-toxic to fish.

scholarly journals Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025
Author(s):  
Mohamed Réda Arhoutane ◽  
Muna Shueai Yahya ◽  
Miloud El Karbane ◽  
Kacem El Kacemi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
First Order ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
By Products

AbstractIn the context of environmental protection, where there is a need to develop effective operations for carrying out appropriate treatment of polluted water by pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the present study aims at evaluating the degradation for gentamicin through electro-Fenton (EF) operation, through taking into consideration the effect of several parameters of experimental in the process, namely, the concentration of initial gentamicin, the applied current and the Fe+2 (II) quantities. The (EF) operation employed involves a carbon-felt as cathode and platinum as anode at pH 3. Studies for the gentamicin kinetics is monitored by HPLC giving a pseudo-first order reaction following by a chemical oxygen demand, with a reached degree of mineralization 96% after of four hours of treatment through current 100 mA/cm2 with 0.1 mM of Fe+2. We find that the degradation for molecule of gentamicin is accompanied by an augmentation of the biodegradability, assesse through the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio, that augmentation from 0 to 0.41 before treatment after 30 min for EF treatment, showing that there is potential for conjugation of the EF process and the biological process. Furthermore, the by-products have been identified on the basis of HPLC-MS/MS results.

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